Chapter 3 Flashcards
These are structures within living cells that contain genes
Chromosomes
Chromosomes are biochemically composed of these two materials
DNA and proteins
In eukaryotes, this is the DNA-protein complex
Chromatin
Eukaryotic chromatin may also contain these
Non-coding RNAs
These two groups of organisms are prokaryotic
Bacteria and archaea
These four groups of organisms are eukaryotic
Protists, fungi, plants, animals
Do prokaryotic cells contain a nucleus?
No
What shape of chromosome do prokaryotes have?
Circular
Prokaryotic chromosomes are found in this region of the cytoplasm
Nucleoid
This encloses the cytoplasm and regulates nutrient uptake and waste excretion
Plasma membrane
What are two examples of additional cell structures that prokaryotes may have?
Outer membrane and flagellum
Eukaryotic cells have these, the major difference between them and prokaryotes
Membrane-bound organelles
This organelle contains most of the genetic material of a eukaryotic cell
Nucleus
What is the shape of eukaryotic chromosomes?
Linear
What are three other examples of membrane-bound organelles found in eukaryotic cells (other than the nucleus)?
Mitochondria, lysosomes, Golgi apparatus
These organelles are responsible for ATP synthesis
Mitochondria
Do mitochondria contain their own DNA?
Yes
These organelles play a role in the degradation of macromolecules
Lysosomes
This organelle plays a role in protein modification and trafficking
Golgi apparatus
What are the two types of animal cells?
Somatic and germ cells
This type of animal cell includes body cells other than gametes (blood cells, for example)
Somatic cells
This type of animal cell includes gametes (sperm and egg cells)
Germ cells
What field of genetics involves the microscopic examination of chromosomes?
Cytogenetics
This is an organized representation of the chromosomes within a cell
Karyotype