Chapter 3

Question 1

High blood pressure
‘hypertension’

Answer 1

When blood is being pumped through the arteries at a harder and faster rate that is considered normal/healthy.

Question 2

Impaired glucose regulation (insulin resistance)

Answer 2

Occurs when the cells become resistant to the action of insulin, preventing glucose from being absorbed by the cells. Is a precursor to type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Question 3

BMI – Body Mass Index

Answer 3

A statistical measure of body mass using height and weight.
Formula: BMI=weight(kg)/height(m)²

Question 4

Overweight

Answer 4

Having a BMI of 25 - 29.9

Question 5

Obese

Answer 5

Having a BMI of 30 and over

Question 6

High BMI

Answer 6

When a person has a BMI of 25 or higher
(this is categorised as overweight or obese).

Question 7

Underweight

Answer 7

Having a BMI of 18.5 and under

Question 8

Low birth weight

Answer 8

A baby born under 2.5kg.

Question 9

Type 2 Diabetes (most common)

Answer 9

• The body usually produces enough insulin, but its action is ineffective. This may be due to excess fat which has damaged the insulin receptors in cells
• This can lead to insulin resistance
• Glucose is trapped in the bloodstream leading to uncontrolled blood sugar (glucose) levels and impaired glucose regulation

Question 10

Type 1 Diabetes

Answer 10

• The pancreas stops making insulin
• The cells producing insulin are destroyed and the glucose in the blood cannot be controlled resulting in high blood glucose levels
• Daily insulin injections required …for life
• Non-diet related, not preventable

Question 11

Gestational diabetes

Answer 11

• Occurs during pregnancy in some women, where the pancreas has difficulty producing enough insulin to control blood sugar (glucose) levels. Can be caused by the excess weight gained during pregnancy.
• after the birth the condition usually disappears.

Question 12

Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes

Answer 12

• Well balanced diet,
• weight management,
• physical activity

Question 13

Complications from Type 2 Diabetes

Answer 13

• Heart and blood vessel disease
• Nerve damage (neuropathy).
• Kidney damage
• Eye Damage
• Foot Damage
• Hearing impairment
• Skin conditions
• Alzheimers disease (connection unclear)

Question 14

Prevention of CVD

Answer 14

• Well balanced diet
• weight management
• physical activity (30 mins a day)

Question 15

Prevention of Cancer

Answer 15

• Healthy body weight
• Fruits and vegetables
• Fibre (colorectal cancer)
• Don’t smoke tobacco
• Don’t drink alcohol (liver cancer)
• Wear sunscreen (skin cancer)
• Screening tests

Question 16

Risks of Smoking

Answer 16

• CVD
• Cancer (lung, throat etc)
• Low birth weight of children
• Asthma
• Increased risk of infection

Question 17

Risks of alcohol

Answer 17

• Obesity
• Type 2 Diabetes
• CVD
• Cancer
• Liver damage
• FASD
• Suicide
• Risk taking behaviour

Question 18

Risks of High BMI

Answer 18

• CVD
• Colorectal & breast cancer
• Type 2 Diabetes
• Athritis
• Asthma
• Mental health issues

Question 19

Fruit and Vegetables

are high in:

Answer 19

• Vitamins and minerals
• Dietary fibre
• Antioxidants

Question 20

Fruit and Vegetables

are low in:

Answer 20

• Energy

Question 21

Antioxidants

Answer 21

Neutralise free radicals that damage cells (leading to CVD and cancer)

Question 22

Dairy

is high in:

Answer 22

• Calcium
• Phosphorous
• Protein

Question 23

Underconsumption of dairy

leads to:

Answer 23

• Osteoporosis
• Type 2 Diabetes
• Dental Caries

Question 24

Overconsumption of any fats

lead to:

Answer 24

Obesity

Question 25

Overconsumption of salt

leads to:

Answer 25

• Hypertension
• Heart Failure
• Stroke
• Osteoporosis

Question 26

Overconsumption of sugar

leads to:

Answer 26

• Overweight and obesity
• Dental caries
• Gum disease

Question 27

Benefits of Fibre

Answer 27

• Promotes feelings of fullness
• Adds bulk to faeces
• Keeps bowel motions regular (reducing risk of colorectal cancer)