Chapter 3

Question 1

T/F Professors are the primary agents of socialization for college students.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

T/F Researchers have found that few students spend time studying with other students.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

T/F Many students find that college courses are stressful because the classes are an abrupt change from those found in high school.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

T/F Law and medical students often report high levels of academic pressure because they know that their classmates were top students during their under graduate years.

Answer 4

True

Question 5

T/F Academic stress may be positive for students: it does not necessarily trigger psychological stress.

Answer 5

True

Question 6

T/F College students typically find the socialization process in higher education to be less stressful than the professional socialization process they experience when they enter an occupation or profession.

Answer 6

False

Question 7

T/F Students who hold jobs outside of school experience higher levels of stress than students who are not employed during their college years.

Answer 7

False

Question 8

T/F Getting good grades and completing schoolwork are the top sources of stress reported by college students.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

is the lifelong process of social interaction through which individuals acquire a self-identity and the physical, mental, and social skills needed for survival in society.

Answer 9

Socialization

Question 10

is the systematic study of “social behavior from a biological perspective.”

Answer 10

Sociobiology

Question 11

is the component of personality that includes all of the individual’s basic biological drives and needs that demand immediate gratification.

Answer 11

id

Question 12

is the rational, reality-oriented component of personality that imposes restrictions on the innate pleasure-seeking drives of the id.

Answer 12

ego

Question 13

consists of the moral and ethical aspects of personality.

Answer 13

superego

Question 14

• Preconventional level
• Conventional level
• Postconventional level

Answer 14

Kohlberg and the stages of moral development

Question 15

People make moral decisions according to both abstract principles of justice and principles of compassion and care.

Answer 15

Gilligan’s views on gender and moral development

Question 16

is the totality of our beliefs and feelings about ourselves.

Answer 16

Self-concept

Question 17

refers to the way in which a person’s sense of self is derived from the perceptions of others.

Answer 17

Cooley’s the looking-glass self

Question 18

is the process by which a person mentally assumes the role of another person or group in order to understand the world from that person’s or group’s point of view.

Answer 18

Mead’s role-taking

Question 19

are those persons whose care, affection, and approval are especially desired and who are most important in the development of the self.

Answer 19

Significant others

Question 20

refers to the child’s awareness of the demands and expectations of the society as a whole or of the child’s subculture.

Answer 20

Generalized other

Question 21

(Functionalist perspective) refers to the process of learning that begins at birth and occurs in the home and family.

Answer 21

Primary socialization

Question 22

(Functionalist perspective) occurs in teenagers or young adults and refers to the process of learning that takes place outside the home.

Answer 22

Secondary socialization

Question 23

(Functionalist perspective) refers to the process of learning that takes place when adults move into new settings where they must accept certain ideas or engage in specific behaviors that are appropriate to that specific setting.

Answer 23

Tertiary socialization

Question 24

Socialization adds to “false consciousness”—a lack of awareness about how class influences all aspects of social life.

Answer 24

Conflict perspectives on socialization

Question 25

are the persons, groups, or institutions that teach us what we need to know in order to participate in society.

Answer 25

Agents of socialization

Question 26

is the process by which the feelings, thoughts, appearance, and behavior of individuals who are under going socialization also have a direct influence on those agents of socialization who are attempting to influence them.

Answer 26

Reciprocal socialization

Question 27

is a group of people who are linked by common interests, equal social position, and (usually) similar age.

Answer 27

peer group

Question 28

refers to large-scale organizations that use print or electronic means (such as radio, television, film, and the Internet) to communicate with large numbers of people.

Answer 28

Mass media

Question 29

is the aspect of socialization that contains specific messages and practices concerning the nature of being female or male in a specific group or society.

Answer 29

Gender socialization

Question 30

is the aspect of socialization that contains specific messages and practices concerning the nature of one’s racial or ethnic status as it relates to our identity, interpersonal relationships, and location in the social hierarchy.

Answer 30

Racial socialization

Question 31

is the process by which knowledge and skills are learned for future roles

Answer 31

Anticipatory socialization

Question 32

Wherein a person or group is considered to have less social value than other persons or groups.

Answer 32

Social devaluation

Question 33

Prejudice and discrimination against people on the basis of age, particularly against older persons.

Answer 33

Ageism

Question 34

is the process of learning a new and different set of attitudes, values, and behaviors from those in one’s background and previous experience.

Answer 34

Resocialization

Question 35

A place where people are isolated from the rest of society for a set period of time and come under the control of the officials who run the institution.

Answer 35

Total institution

Question 36

Net Generation, Millennials (Generation Y), or GenerationZ

Answer 36

Digital natives

Question 37

Persons who originally used older technologies and have had to learn to adapt to newer digital technologies.

Answer 37

Digital immigrants