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SOC 200 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

T/F Suicide primarily occurs in high-income nations of the world.

A

False

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2
Q

T/F Suicide is the tenth leading cause of death overall in the United States.

A

True

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3
Q

T/F More than twice as many suicides occur in the United States each year as there are homicides.

A

True

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4
Q

T/F Although females are more likely to attempt suicide, males are more likely to complete suicide (take their own life).

A

True

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5
Q

T/F Each year about 500,000 suicide deaths occur worldwide.

A

False (google says 700000 but idk)

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6
Q

T/F Firearms are the most commonly used method of suicide among males and females.

A

True

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7
Q

T/F Among males, the U.S. suicide rate is highest for men aged 65 and older.

A

True

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8
Q

T/F The prevalence of suicide attempts typically is highest each year among adults between the ages of 18 and 25.

A

True

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9
Q

What is the systematic study of human society and social interactions?

A

Sociology

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10
Q

What is a large social grouping that shares the same geographical territory and is subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations?

A

A society

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11
Q

What is the ability to see the relationships between individual experiences and the larger society?
* Personal troubles
* Public issues

A

sociological imagination

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12
Q

What is the process by which societies are transformed from dependence on agriculture and handmade products to an emphasis on manufacturing and related industries?

A

Industrialization

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13
Q

What is the process by which an increasing proportion of a population lives in cities rather than in rural areas?

A

Urbanization

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14
Q
  • Coined the term “sociology”
  • Founder of sociology
  • Positivism is the belief that the world can best be understood through scientific inquiry (methodological and social/political).
A

Auguste Comte

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15
Q
  • Translated Comte’s work
  • Wrote “Society in America”
  • Advocated for racial and gender equality
A

Harriet Martineau

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16
Q
  • Social Darwinism is the belief that those species of animals best adapted to their environment survive and prosper.
A

Herbert Spencer

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17
Q
  • Wrote “Rules of Sociological Method”
  • Social facts are patterned ways of acting, thinking, and feeling that exist outside any one individual but that exert social control over each person.
  • Anomie is a condition in which social control becomes ineffective as a result of the loss of shared values and a sense of purpose in society.
A

Emile Durkheim

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18
Q
  • Stressed class conflict
    • Bourgeoisie versus proletariat
  • Believed society should be changed
    • Economics was the central force for change
A

Karl Marx

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19
Q
  • Emphasized that sociology should be value free
    • Research should be conducted scientifically
  • Was concerned with large-scale organizations
    • Specialized division of labor
A

Max Weber

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20
Q
  • Focused on how society is a web of patterns
  • Considered group size in social interactions
A

Georg Simmel

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21
Q
  • University of Chicago
  • American Sociological Association
A

The Chicago School

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22
Q
  • Founded Hull House
  • Won a Nobel Prize
A

Jane Addams

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23
Q
  • Created a laboratory of sociology
  • Studied racial conflict
A

W. E. B. Du Bois and Atlanta University

24
Q

a set of logically interrelated statements that attempts to describe, explain, and predict social events.

A

theory

25
Q

are based on the assumption that society is a stable, orderly system.

A

functionalist perspectives

26
Q
  • Most influential advocate of the functionalist perspective
  • All societies must meet social needs in order to survive.
  • Balance must be maintained in the home, and institutions, such as school, church, and government, must support the families in preserving the system.
A

Talcott Parsons

27
Q

Distinguished between manifest and latent functions

A

Robert K. Merton

28
Q

are intended and/or overtly recognized by participants of a social unit.

A

Manifest functions

29
Q

are unintended functions that are hidden and remain unacknowledged by participants.

A

Latent functions

30
Q

argue that groups in society are engaged in a continuous power struggle for control over scarce resources.

A

conflict perspectives

31
Q

is an approach that examines whole societies, large-scale social structures, and social systems instead of looking at important social dynamics in individuals’ lives.

A

Macrolevel analysis

32
Q

is the approach that focuses on small groups rather than large-scale social structures.

A

Microlevel analysis

33
Q

argue that society is the sum of the interactions of individuals and groups.

A

symbolic interactionist perspectives

34
Q

argue that existing theories have been unsuccessful in explaining social life in contemporary societies characterized by post industrialization, consumerism, and global communications.

A

postmodern perspectives

35
Q

is based on the goal of scientific objectivity and that focus on data that can be measured numerically.

A

Quantitative research

36
Q

uses interpretive descriptions rather than statistics to analyze underlying meanings and patterns of social relationships.

A

Qualitative research

37
Q

is a statement of the expected relationship between two or more variables.

A

Hypothesis

38
Q

is a concept with measurable traits or characteristics that can change or vary from one person, time, situation, or society to another.

A

variable

39
Q

is presumed to be the cause of the relationship.

A

independent variable

40
Q

is assumed to be caused by the independent variable.

A

dependent variable

41
Q

is the extent to which a study or research instrument accurately measures what it is supposed to measure.

A

Validity

42
Q

is the extent to which a study or research instrument yields consistent results when applied to different individuals at one time or to the same individuals over time.

A

Reliability

43
Q

are specific strategies or techniques for systematically conducting research.

A

Research methods

44
Q

the four research methods

A

survey research, secondary analysis of existing data, field research, and experiments.

45
Q

is a poll in which the researcher gathers facts or attempts to determine the relationships among facts.

A

survey

46
Q

is a printed research instrument containing a series of items to which subjects respond.

A

Questionnaire

47
Q

is a method of collecting data by which an interviewer asks the respondent questions and records the answers.

A

interview

48
Q

researchers use existing material and analyze data that were originally collected by others.

A

secondary analysis

49
Q

is the systematic examination of cultural artifacts or various forms of communication to extract thematic data and draw conclusions about social life.

A

Content analysis

50
Q

is the process of collecting systematic observations while being part of the activities of the group that is being studied.

A

Participant observation

51
Q

is a detailed study of the life and activities of a group of people by researchers who may live with that group over a period of years.

A

Ethnography

52
Q

is a carefully designed situation in which the researcher studies the impact of certain variables on subjects’ attitudes or behavior.

A

experiment

53
Q

contains the subjects who are exposed to an independent variable to study its effect on them.

A

experiment group

54
Q

contains subjects who are not exposed to the independent variable.

A

control group

55
Q

is a relationship that exists when two variables are associated more frequently than could be expected by chance.

A

correlation

SOC 200 (6 decks)

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