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Applied Forensic Chem > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

GLP

A

Good laboratory practice

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2
Q

ISO

A

International Organization for Standardization

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3
Q

ANSI

A

American National Standards Institute

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4
Q

ASQ

A

American Society of Quality

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5
Q

VIM

A

International Vocabulary of Basic and General Terms in Metrology

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6
Q

IUPAC

A

International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry

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7
Q

OIML

A

International Organization of Legal Metrology

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8
Q

AOAC

A

The Association of Analytical Communities

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9
Q

CITAC

A

Cooperation on International Traceability in Analytical Chemistry

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10
Q

SOFT

A

Society of Forensic Toxicology

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11
Q

NIST

A

National Institute of Standards and Technology

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12
Q

AAFS

A

American Academy of Forensic Sciences

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13
Q

SWGDRUG

A

Scientific Working Group for Seized Drug Analysis

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14
Q

SWGMAT

A

Scientific Working Group for Materials Analysis

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15
Q

ASTM International

A

American Society for Testing and Materials International

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16
Q

ASCLD/LAB

A

American Society of Crime Laboratory Directors, Laboratory Accreditation Board

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17
Q

FQSI

A

Forensic Quality Service International

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18
Q

ABC

A

American Board of Criminalistics

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19
Q

SOP

A

Standard operating procedure

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20
Q

SRMs

A

Standard reference materials

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21
Q

CRMs

A

Certified standard reference materials

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22
Q

The process of reviewing a forensic laboratory against a set of accepted standards such as promulgated by ASCLD/LAB or ISO to insure that its policies, procedures, and practices meet these standards. If so, the laboratory is said to be accredited

A

Accreditation

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23
Q

How close the calculated value to the true or accepted value; includes components of trueness and bias

A

Accuracy

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24
Q

A group of samples and related QC samples

A

Batch

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25
Q

The difference between an experimentally determined value and an accepted true value; quantitative expression of trueness

A

Bias

26
Q

A sample that contains no analyte of interest

A

Blank

27
Q

QC samples provided to the analysis without a known value

A

Blind samples

28
Q

The process of establishing a link between the output of an instrument or equipment and sample concentration

A

Calibration

29
Q

A sample prepared independently of the calibration curve and used to detect problems with the curve

A

Calibration check sample

30
Q

A plot and mathematical relationship (usually linear) between the concentration of an analyte and an instrument response

A

Calibration curve

31
Q

The process of insuring that a forensic practitioner is competent to conduct analyses based on written and laboratory testing

A

Certification

32
Q

A cradle-to-grave document that tracks evidence

A

Chain of custody

33
Q

A running record of the performance of a device or solution that identifies when performance is no longer within accepted uncertainty ranges

A

Control chart

34
Q

A value calculated to gauge the goodness of fit of points to a line generated by a linear regression algorithm

A

Correlation coefficient

35
Q

A variable that has a value derived from or dependent on the value of another

A

Dependent variable

36
Q

Separate samples taken from the same source; not the result of subdividing one sample

A

Duplicates

37
Q

A calibration curve in which the standards are made in simple solvents that may not match the matrix

A

External standard curve

38
Q

Terms used to describe the performance of a validated analytical method

A

Figures of merit

39
Q

A criteria used to gauge the utility of a given method to answer the forensic question and to provide the pertinent data in the most expedient and reliable way

A

Fitness for purpose

40
Q

A variable with a value that doesn’t depend on or derive from any other variables

A

Independent variable

41
Q

A calibration method that involves addition of internal standards to all samples and standards and to which concentrations and responses are ratioed

A

Internal standard curve

42
Q

Samples with known accepted values

A

Knowns

43
Q

A fit of a line or other curve to a set of points that is optimized by minimizing the total difference of all points to the curve. Distances are squared to eliminate potential canceling with some (+) and others (-) relative to the curve

A

Least-squares regression

44
Q

The lowest signal, or the lowest corresponding quality to be determined from the signal, that can be observed with a sufficient degree of confidence or statistical evidence

A

Limit of detection (LOD)

45
Q

The smallest amount or the lowest concentration of a substance that is possible to be determined by means of a given analytical procedure with the established accuracy, precision, and uncertainty

A

Limit of quantification (LDR)

46
Q

The process of creating a straight line and linear equation to describe the relationship between a dependent and independent variable

A

Linear regression

47
Q

The situation that arises when the solvent system used to generate a calibration curve doesn’t match the matrix of the sample

A

Matrix mismatch

48
Q

A sample that should produce a negative or no reaction or response in analytical procedure; part of QA and QC

A

Negative control

49
Q

A sample that should produce a positive reaction or response in an analytical procedure; part of QA and QC

A

Positive control

50
Q

Reproducibility of replicate measurements

A

Precision

51
Q

The philosophy and practices used to insure the goodness and reliability of data

A

Quality assurance (QA)

52
Q

Procedures used as part of quality assurance

A

Quality control (QC)

53
Q

A line describing points that have a linear relationship or correlation

A

Regression line

54
Q

Closeness of the agreement between the results of successive measurements of the same measurand under similar and controlled conditions

A

Repeatability

55
Q

Repeat measurements of the same criteria under similar conditions; multiple samples derived from one larger sample

A

Replicates

56
Q

Closeness of the agreement between the results of measurements of the same measurand under controlled conditions; typically broader than repeatability

A

Reproducibility

57
Q

Analytes purposely added to a sample to gauge recovery and flag potential matrix problems and affects

A

Spike

58
Q

A calibration method which uses the sample as the matrix and to which increasing aliquots of the standard analyte are added

A

Standard addition

59
Q

A cradle-to-grave approach to quality assurance that integrates all aspects inside and outside of a particular organization or lab

A

Total quality management (TQM)

60
Q

The ability to relate a measurement or piece of equipment to an unassailable standard

A

Traceability

Applied Forensic Chem (9 decks)

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