Chapter 3

Question 1

GLP

Answer 1

Good laboratory practice

Question 2

ISO

Answer 2

International Organization for Standardization

Question 3

ANSI

Answer 3

American National Standards Institute

Question 4

ASQ

Answer 4

American Society of Quality

Question 5

VIM

Answer 5

International Vocabulary of Basic and General Terms in Metrology

Question 6

IUPAC

Answer 6

International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry

Question 7

OIML

Answer 7

International Organization of Legal Metrology

Question 8

AOAC

Answer 8

The Association of Analytical Communities

Question 9

CITAC

Answer 9

Cooperation on International Traceability in Analytical Chemistry

Question 10

SOFT

Answer 10

Society of Forensic Toxicology

Question 11

NIST

Answer 11

National Institute of Standards and Technology

Question 12

AAFS

Answer 12

American Academy of Forensic Sciences

Question 13

SWGDRUG

Answer 13

Scientific Working Group for Seized Drug Analysis

Question 14

SWGMAT

Answer 14

Scientific Working Group for Materials Analysis

Question 15

ASTM International

Answer 15

American Society for Testing and Materials International

Question 16

ASCLD/LAB

Answer 16

American Society of Crime Laboratory Directors, Laboratory Accreditation Board

Question 17

FQSI

Answer 17

Forensic Quality Service International

Question 18

ABC

Answer 18

American Board of Criminalistics

Question 19

SOP

Answer 19

Standard operating procedure

Question 20

SRMs

Answer 20

Standard reference materials

Question 21

CRMs

Answer 21

Certified standard reference materials

Question 22

The process of reviewing a forensic laboratory against a set of accepted standards such as promulgated by ASCLD/LAB or ISO to insure that its policies, procedures, and practices meet these standards. If so, the laboratory is said to be accredited

Answer 22

Accreditation

Question 23

How close the calculated value to the true or accepted value; includes components of trueness and bias

Answer 23

Accuracy

Question 24

A group of samples and related QC samples

Answer 24

Batch

Question 25

The difference between an experimentally determined value and an accepted true value; quantitative expression of trueness

Answer 25

Bias

Question 26

A sample that contains no analyte of interest

Answer 26

Blank

Question 27

QC samples provided to the analysis without a known value

Answer 27

Blind samples

Question 28

The process of establishing a link between the output of an instrument or equipment and sample concentration

Answer 28

Calibration

Question 29

A sample prepared independently of the calibration curve and used to detect problems with the curve

Answer 29

Calibration check sample

Question 30

A plot and mathematical relationship (usually linear) between the concentration of an analyte and an instrument response

Answer 30

Calibration curve

Question 31

The process of insuring that a forensic practitioner is competent to conduct analyses based on written and laboratory testing

Answer 31

Certification

Question 32

A cradle-to-grave document that tracks evidence

Answer 32

Chain of custody

Question 33

A running record of the performance of a device or solution that identifies when performance is no longer within accepted uncertainty ranges

Answer 33

Control chart

Question 34

A value calculated to gauge the goodness of fit of points to a line generated by a linear regression algorithm

Answer 34

Correlation coefficient

Question 35

A variable that has a value derived from or dependent on the value of another

Answer 35

Dependent variable

Question 36

Separate samples taken from the same source; not the result of subdividing one sample

Answer 36

Duplicates

Question 37

A calibration curve in which the standards are made in simple solvents that may not match the matrix

Answer 37

External standard curve

Question 38

Terms used to describe the performance of a validated analytical method

Answer 38

Figures of merit

Question 39

A criteria used to gauge the utility of a given method to answer the forensic question and to provide the pertinent data in the most expedient and reliable way

Answer 39

Fitness for purpose

Question 40

A variable with a value that doesn't depend on or derive from any other variables

Answer 40

Independent variable

Question 41

A calibration method that involves addition of internal standards to all samples and standards and to which concentrations and responses are ratioed

Answer 41

Internal standard curve

Question 42

Samples with known accepted values

Answer 42

Knowns

Question 43

A fit of a line or other curve to a set of points that is optimized by minimizing the total difference of all points to the curve. Distances are squared to eliminate potential canceling with some (+) and others (-) relative to the curve

Answer 43

Least-squares regression

Question 44

The lowest signal, or the lowest corresponding quality to be determined from the signal, that can be observed with a sufficient degree of confidence or statistical evidence

Answer 44

Limit of detection (LOD)

Question 45

The smallest amount or the lowest concentration of a substance that is possible to be determined by means of a given analytical procedure with the established accuracy, precision, and uncertainty

Answer 45

Limit of quantification (LDR)

Question 46

The process of creating a straight line and linear equation to describe the relationship between a dependent and independent variable

Answer 46

Linear regression

Question 47

The situation that arises when the solvent system used to generate a calibration curve doesn't match the matrix of the sample

Answer 47

Matrix mismatch

Question 48

A sample that should produce a negative or no reaction or response in analytical procedure; part of QA and QC

Answer 48

Negative control

Question 49

A sample that should produce a positive reaction or response in an analytical procedure; part of QA and QC

Answer 49

Positive control

Question 50

Reproducibility of replicate measurements

Answer 50

Precision

Question 51

The philosophy and practices used to insure the goodness and reliability of data

Answer 51

Quality assurance (QA)

Question 52

Procedures used as part of quality assurance

Answer 52

Quality control (QC)

Question 53

A line describing points that have a linear relationship or correlation

Answer 53

Regression line

Question 54

Closeness of the agreement between the results of successive measurements of the same measurand under similar and controlled conditions

Answer 54

Repeatability

Question 55

Repeat measurements of the same criteria under similar conditions; multiple samples derived from one larger sample

Answer 55

Replicates

Question 56

Closeness of the agreement between the results of measurements of the same measurand under controlled conditions; typically broader than repeatability

Answer 56

Reproducibility

Question 57

Analytes purposely added to a sample to gauge recovery and flag potential matrix problems and affects

Answer 57

Spike

Question 58

A calibration method which uses the sample as the matrix and to which increasing aliquots of the standard analyte are added

Answer 58

Standard addition

Question 59

A cradle-to-grave approach to quality assurance that integrates all aspects inside and outside of a particular organization or lab

Answer 59

Total quality management (TQM)

Question 60

The ability to relate a measurement or piece of equipment to an unassailable standard

Answer 60

Traceability