Chapter 3 Flashcards
What is ethics?
code of moral principles that set standards
What is ethical behavior?
accepted as good and right
legal behavior is not necessarily…
ethical behavior
what helps determine individual ethical behavior?
personal values
What are terminal values?
preferences about desired ends
what are instrumentals values?
preferences regarding the means to desired ends
What are the 4 views of ethical behavior?
individualism, utilitarian, justice, moral rights
what is individualism?
promote ones long-term self-interests
what is utilitarian?
to do the greatest good for the most people
what is justice?
show fairness and impartiality
what is moral rights?
maintain fundamental rights of all human beings
What is the justice view based on?
procedural, distributive, interactional, commutative
what is cultural relativism?
justifies a decision if it conforms to local values, laws and practices
what is moral absolutism?
justifies a decision only if it conforms to the ways of the home country
What are ethical dilemmas?
choices which provide potential for personal and organizational benefit - may be considered unethical
What are 4 reasons people use to rationalize unethical behavior?
- not illegal
- everyone’s best interest
- nobody will know
- my organization will stand behind me
What influences ethical decision making?
personal values, situation, person, environment, organization
What was Lawrence Kohlberg’s 3 levels of development?
preconventional, conventional, and post conventional
what happens at the preconventional level?
avoid harm and make deals for personal gain
what happens at the conventional level?
act consistently with peers and follow rules
What happens at the post conventional level?
live up to societal expectations and act according to internal principles
What is moral management?
“must walk the talk”
immoral
behaves unethically
amoral
fails to consider ethics of behavior
moral
ethical behavior is a personal goal
What is ethics training?
a structured program - implement ethical standards into daily life
What is codes or ethical conduct?
organizations values and principles that set expectations - punishment for those who fail
What are the areas covered by codes of ethics ?
illegal acts, customer/coworker relationships, honesty of records, confidentiality
What are whistleblowers?
expose misdeed of others to preserve ethical standards, protect against harmful or illegals acts
what are barriers of whistleblowers?
strict chain of command, strong work group identities, ambiguous priorities
What is corporate social responsibility?
to act in ways that serve the interest of multiple stakeholders - including society at large
What is stewardship?
Always respect and protect the interests of organizational stakeholders
What is triple bottom line?
economic, social, and environmental performance - profit, people, planet
What are the views on corporate social responsibility?
socioeconomic and classical
what is the socioeconomic view?
responsibility increases long-run profits, improves public image and resources
what is the classical view?
reduces business profits and creates higher business costs, dilutes business purposes, gives to much social power to business
What is creating shared values?
not just about profit - understanding that economic and social progress are interconnected
what is the virtuous circle?
socially responsible actions improve financial performance which lead to even more socially responsible actions in the future
What is a social business?
business model that addresses social problems such as hunger and poverty
what are social entreprenuers?
create business that help to solve pressing social problems
How do you measure social responsibility?
a social responsibility audit
what is a social responsibility audit?
organizations performance in various areas - ranges from compliance to conviction
what is the zone of compliance?
economic responsibility - be profitable
legal responsibility - obey the law
what is the zone of conviction?
ethical responsibility - do what is right
discretionary responsibility - contribute to community
What is sustainable?
respects future generations and the right to their worlds natural resources - meets needs of customer and protects natural environment
what is sustainable development?
uses natural resources that todays needs are met - preserved for future generations (land, water, minerals)
What does new thinking add?
social and human sustainability to the concepts of ecological and environmental sustainability
