Chapter 2

Question 1

What are the 3 management theories ?

Answer 1

classical, behavior, and modern

Question 2

What is the classical approach?

Answer 2

people are motivated by money and are rational

Question 3

Who came up with scientific management?

Answer 3

Frederick w taylor - father of management

Question 4

What are the 4 the scientific management steps?

Answer 4

1. develop a science - rules, conditions, processes
2. select workers with right abilities
3. train and pay them
4. support workers

Question 5

What are the assumptions of scientific management?

Answer 5

employers and employees have similar economic gain - economically motivated - willing to work hard

Question 6

What is the time and motion studies?

Answer 6

frank and lillian gilbreth - task to its basic physical motions - improves performance

Question 7

Who made the administrative principles?

Answer 7

henri faloy

Question 8

What is the administrative principle?

Answer 8

1. plan of action
2. organization
3. command
4. coordination
5. control

Question 9

What is the scalar chain?

Answer 9

clear line from top to bottom of organization

Question 10

What is the unity of command?

Answer 10

orders from only 1 boss

Question 11

Who made the bureaucratic organization?

Answer 11

max weber

Question 12

what is the bureaucratic organization?

Answer 12

correcting performance problems with organizations

1. clear division of labor
2. clear hierarchy of authority
3. formal rules
4. impersonality
5. career based on merit

Question 13

What is the behavioral approach?

Answer 13

Organizations as communities - empowerment, involvement, flexibility

Question 14

who said that managers and workers should work in harmony?

Answer 14

Mary Parker Follett

Question 15

What was Elton Mayo’s Hawthorne studies?

Answer 15

Focused on the human side, manipulated physical work conditions to assess impact on output

Question 16

What was concluded from the Hawthorne study?

Answer 16

new social setting led workers to do a good job, good human relations = higher productivity, People restricted output to adhere to group norms

Question 17

What is the theory of human needs?

Answer 17

physiological or physiological deficiency a person feels compelled to satisfy - need levels

Question 18

Who invented the theory of human needs?

Answer 18

abaraham maslow

Question 19

What is the hierarchy of human needs?

Answer 19

higher - self- actualization , esteem needs

lower - social needs, safety

Question 20

what is the Hawthorne effect?

Answer 20

people who are singled out for special attention perform as expected

Question 21

What is the deficit principle ?

Answer 21

a satisfied need is not a motivator of behavior

Question 22

What is the progression priniple?

Answer 22

a need becomes a motivator once the preceding lower level need is satisfied

Question 23

What is McGregors theory x

Answer 23

assumes workers dislike work

Question 24

what is McGregors theory Y?

Answer 24

assumes workers are willing to work

Question 25

What do theory x managers do?

Answer 25

create situations where workers become dependent and reluctant

Question 26

What do theory Y managers do?

Answer 26

create situations where workers respond with initiative and high performance

Question 27

Who came up with the theory of adult personality ?

Answer 27

chris argyris

Question 28

what is the theory of adult personality?

Answer 28

contrasts management practices found in traditional, bureaucratic organizations with the need and capabilities of mature adults
- classical management practices inhibit worker maturation and are inconsistent

Question 29

What is management science?

Answer 29

operations research are often used interchangeably to describe use of mathematical techniques to solve management problems

Question 30

what is operations management ?

Answer 30

is a study of how organizations produce goods and services

- work scheduling, quality control

Question 31

What is data analytics?

Answer 31

systematic analysis of large databases to solve problems and make informed decisions

Question 32

How does the quantitative approach to management work?

Answer 32

1. problem is encountered 2. systematically analyzed 3. mathematical techniques are applied 4. optimum solutions is identified

Question 33

What is system thinking?

Answer 33

system, subsystems, open systems - organization systems

Question 34

system

Answer 34

collection of interrelated parts that function together to achieve a common purpose

Question 35

subsystem

Answer 35

a smaller component of a large system

Question 36

open system

Answer 36

organizations that interact with their environment in the continual process of transforming resources inputs into outputs

Question 37

What is contingency thinking?

Answer 37

helped bridge the gap between theory and practice

Question 38

what is the emphasizes of contingency thinking?

Answer 38

key variables in each situation, relationships among variables, computer system of causes and affects that exist in every managerial situation

Question 39

what is quality management ?

Answer 39

managers and workers in progressive organizations are quality conscious

Question 40

Total quality management?

Answer 40

comprehensive approach to continuous improvement for a total organization

Question 41

continuous improvement ?

Answer 41

search for new ways to improve quality - something always can and should be improved