Chapter 2 Flashcards
What are the 3 management theories ?
classical, behavior, and modern
What is the classical approach?
people are motivated by money and are rational
Who came up with scientific management?
Frederick w taylor - father of management
What are the 4 the scientific management steps?
- develop a science - rules, conditions, processes
- select workers with right abilities
- train and pay them
- support workers
What are the assumptions of scientific management?
employers and employees have similar economic gain - economically motivated - willing to work hard
What is the time and motion studies?
frank and lillian gilbreth - task to its basic physical motions - improves performance
Who made the administrative principles?
henri faloy
What is the administrative principle?
- plan of action
- organization
- command
- coordination
- control
What is the scalar chain?
clear line from top to bottom of organization
What is the unity of command?
orders from only 1 boss
Who made the bureaucratic organization?
max weber
what is the bureaucratic organization?
correcting performance problems with organizations
- clear division of labor
- clear hierarchy of authority
- formal rules
- impersonality
- career based on merit
What is the behavioral approach?
Organizations as communities - empowerment, involvement, flexibility
who said that managers and workers should work in harmony?
Mary Parker Follett
What was Elton Mayo’s Hawthorne studies?
Focused on the human side, manipulated physical work conditions to assess impact on output
What was concluded from the Hawthorne study?
new social setting led workers to do a good job, good human relations = higher productivity, People restricted output to adhere to group norms
What is the theory of human needs?
physiological or physiological deficiency a person feels compelled to satisfy - need levels
Who invented the theory of human needs?
abaraham maslow
What is the hierarchy of human needs?
higher - self- actualization , esteem needs
lower - social needs, safety
what is the Hawthorne effect?
people who are singled out for special attention perform as expected
What is the deficit principle ?
a satisfied need is not a motivator of behavior
What is the progression priniple?
a need becomes a motivator once the preceding lower level need is satisfied
What is McGregors theory x
assumes workers dislike work
what is McGregors theory Y?
assumes workers are willing to work
What do theory x managers do?
create situations where workers become dependent and reluctant
What do theory Y managers do?
create situations where workers respond with initiative and high performance
Who came up with the theory of adult personality ?
chris argyris
what is the theory of adult personality?
contrasts management practices found in traditional, bureaucratic organizations with the need and capabilities of mature adults
- classical management practices inhibit worker maturation and are inconsistent
What is management science?
operations research are often used interchangeably to describe use of mathematical techniques to solve management problems
what is operations management ?
is a study of how organizations produce goods and services
- work scheduling, quality control
What is data analytics?
systematic analysis of large databases to solve problems and make informed decisions
How does the quantitative approach to management work?
- problem is encountered 2. systematically analyzed 3. mathematical techniques are applied 4. optimum solutions is identified
What is system thinking?
system, subsystems, open systems - organization systems
system
collection of interrelated parts that function together to achieve a common purpose
subsystem
a smaller component of a large system
open system
organizations that interact with their environment in the continual process of transforming resources inputs into outputs
What is contingency thinking?
helped bridge the gap between theory and practice
what is the emphasizes of contingency thinking?
key variables in each situation, relationships among variables, computer system of causes and affects that exist in every managerial situation
what is quality management ?
managers and workers in progressive organizations are quality conscious
Total quality management?
comprehensive approach to continuous improvement for a total organization
continuous improvement ?
search for new ways to improve quality - something always can and should be improved
