Chapter 3

Question 1

What nervous system controls skeletal muscle, conscious & voluntary control?

Answer 1

Somatic Nervous System

Question 2

In the Somatic nervous system, how many neurons are from the CNS to the effector?

Answer 2

One

Question 3

Does the SNS include sensory neurons?

Answer 3

Yes

1) Skin
2) Skeletal muscles
3) Special sense organs

Question 4

What neurotransmitter does the SNS release?

Answer 4

Acetylcholine (Ach)

Question 5

In the SNS, how many neurons are there for sensory pathways?

Answer 5

Three

1. Dorsal root ganglion
2. Spinal cord or brain stem
3. Thalamus (extends to the cerebral cortex)

Question 6

What senses touch, pressure, vibration, and conscious proprioception?

Answer 6

Posterior Column - Medial Lemniscus

Question 7

What senses light touch sensation and deep pressure sensation?

Answer 7

Anterior spinothalamic tracts

Question 8

What senses pain sensation and temperature (hot v cold) sensation?

Answer 8

Lateral spinothalamic tract

Question 9

Signals from where help with muscle tone?

Answer 9

Basal Ganglia

Question 10

Signals from where help with coordination?

Answer 10

Cerebellum

Question 11

Upper motor neurons are found where?

Answer 11

Primary motor cortex of the Precentral Gyrus - A part of the CNS

Question 12

Upper motor neurons synapse with what lower motor neuron?

Answer 12

The lower motor neuron of appropriate spinal level

Question 13

What nervous system is regulated by the hypothalamus and brainstem?

Answer 13

Autonomic Nervous system

Question 14

For the ANS, How many neurons are in the motor pathway from CNS to effector?

Answer 14

Two

Question 15

Where are the sensory neurons located in the ANS?

Answer 15

Viscera

Question 16

In the ANS, What neurostimulator is released?

Answer 16

Ach or Norepinephrine (NE)

Question 17

What nervous system controls sweat and digestive glands?

Answer 17

ANS

Question 18

ANS is divided into what divisions?

Answer 18

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

Question 19

What ANS sub-system STIMULATES digestive organs?

Answer 19

Parasympathetic nerves

Question 20

What ANS sub-system STIMULATES the Heart rate?

Answer 20

Sympathetic

Question 21

What glands only receive sympathetic nerves?

Answer 21

Sweat glands, many blood vessels, hair muscles

Question 22

Autonomic motor pathway includes what two motor neurons?

Answer 22

Preganglionic and post ganglionic neurons

Question 23

What neuron comes from the CNS to the neuron in the autonomic ganglion?

Answer 23

Preganglionic

Question 24

What neuron comes from the cell body in the ganglion to the effector?

Answer 24

Postganglionic

Question 25

Sympathetic preganglionic neurons are found where?

Answer 25

T1-T12 & L1-L2 (thoracolumbar division)

Question 26

One sympathetic ganglion can synapse with how many postganglionic neuron cell bodies?

Answer 26

20 or more

Question 27

Sympathetic preganglionic neurons release what neurotransmitter?

Answer 27

Epinephrine or norepinephrine

Question 28

Sympathetic postganglionic neurons from the cervical sympathetic trunk serve where?

Answer 28

The head (sweat glands, smooth muscles of eyes, blood vessels of face, nasal mucosa, salivary glands) Some serve the heart

Question 29

Cell bodies located in the "Prevertebral ganglia" follow which 3 large abdominal arteries and supply the viscera, are called?

Answer 29

Celiac, Superior and Inferior Mesenteric ganglia

Question 30

Parasympathetic preganglionic neurons are located where?

Answer 30

1. Brainstem (nuclei of CN III, VII, IX, X) | 2. S2-S4

Question 31

Carries 80% of parasympathetic nerve impulses

Answer 31

CN X: Vagus

Question 32

Vagus nerves carries what type of neurons to/from the viscera?

Answer 32

Motor AND Sensory

Question 33

Where are parasympathetic postganglionic neurons located?

Answer 33

In the terminal ganglia which are located within or near the innervated organ. Cause precise, localized effects (not widespread).

Question 34

Unlike Sympathetic nerves, parasympathetic nerves do not reach some tissue like:

Answer 34

Sweat glands, hair muscles, kidneys, spleen, adrenal medullae, and walls of most blood vessels

Question 35

SLUDD ``` Salivation Lacrimation Urination Digestion Defecation ```

Answer 35

Parasympathetic

Question 36

Which ANS division mobilizes nutrients for energy (glucose & fats)?

Answer 36

Sympathetic

Question 37

Upper motor neurons are part of what nervous system?

Answer 37

CNS

Question 38

Lower motor neurons are part of what nervous system?

Answer 38

PNS

Question 39

Most viscera are supplied with both sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves, this is called:

Answer 39

Dual innervation