Chapter 3 Flashcards
What nervous system controls skeletal muscle, conscious & voluntary control?
Somatic Nervous System
In the Somatic nervous system, how many neurons are from the CNS to the effector?
One
Does the SNS include sensory neurons?
Yes
1) Skin
2) Skeletal muscles
3) Special sense organs
What neurotransmitter does the SNS release?
Acetylcholine (Ach)
In the SNS, how many neurons are there for sensory pathways?
Three
- Dorsal root ganglion
- Spinal cord or brain stem
- Thalamus (extends to the cerebral cortex)
What senses touch, pressure, vibration, and conscious proprioception?
Posterior Column - Medial Lemniscus
What senses light touch sensation and deep pressure sensation?
Anterior spinothalamic tracts
What senses pain sensation and temperature (hot v cold) sensation?
Lateral spinothalamic tract
Signals from where help with muscle tone?
Basal Ganglia
Signals from where help with coordination?
Cerebellum
Upper motor neurons are found where?
Primary motor cortex of the Precentral Gyrus - A part of the CNS
Upper motor neurons synapse with what lower motor neuron?
The lower motor neuron of appropriate spinal level
What nervous system is regulated by the hypothalamus and brainstem?
Autonomic Nervous system
For the ANS, How many neurons are in the motor pathway from CNS to effector?
Two
Where are the sensory neurons located in the ANS?
Viscera
In the ANS, What neurostimulator is released?
Ach or Norepinephrine (NE)
What nervous system controls sweat and digestive glands?
ANS
ANS is divided into what divisions?
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic
What ANS sub-system STIMULATES digestive organs?
Parasympathetic nerves
What ANS sub-system STIMULATES the Heart rate?
Sympathetic
What glands only receive sympathetic nerves?
Sweat glands, many blood vessels, hair muscles
Autonomic motor pathway includes what two motor neurons?
Preganglionic and post ganglionic neurons
What neuron comes from the CNS to the neuron in the autonomic ganglion?
Preganglionic
What neuron comes from the cell body in the ganglion to the effector?
Postganglionic
Sympathetic preganglionic neurons are found where?
T1-T12 & L1-L2 (thoracolumbar division)
One sympathetic ganglion can synapse with how many postganglionic neuron cell bodies?
20 or more
Sympathetic preganglionic neurons release what neurotransmitter?
Epinephrine or norepinephrine
Sympathetic postganglionic neurons from the cervical sympathetic trunk serve where?
The head (sweat glands, smooth muscles of eyes, blood vessels of face, nasal mucosa, salivary glands)
Some serve the heart
Cell bodies located in the “Prevertebral ganglia” follow which 3 large abdominal arteries and supply the viscera, are called?
Celiac, Superior and Inferior Mesenteric ganglia
Parasympathetic preganglionic neurons are located where?
- Brainstem (nuclei of CN III, VII, IX, X)
2. S2-S4
Carries 80% of parasympathetic nerve impulses
CN X: Vagus
Vagus nerves carries what type of neurons to/from the viscera?
Motor AND Sensory
Where are parasympathetic postganglionic neurons located?
In the terminal ganglia which are located within or near the innervated organ.
Cause precise, localized effects (not widespread).
Unlike Sympathetic nerves, parasympathetic nerves do not reach some tissue like:
Sweat glands, hair muscles, kidneys, spleen, adrenal medullae, and walls of most blood vessels
SLUDD
Salivation Lacrimation Urination Digestion Defecation
Parasympathetic
Which ANS division mobilizes nutrients for energy (glucose & fats)?
Sympathetic
Upper motor neurons are part of what nervous system?
CNS
Lower motor neurons are part of what nervous system?
PNS
Most viscera are supplied with both sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves, this is called:
Dual innervation
