Chapter 3-1 and 3-2 vocab Flashcards
Scientific Notation
- A given number is written as the product of two numbers
- Uses a coefficient, power, and exponent
Measurement
- A quality that has both a number and a unit
- Example: 55 inches, 2 centimeters
Coeffient
- multiplied by the power and exponent
- Great than 1 and less than 10
Exponent
- Above the power
- always an integer (1-, 2)
What does a positive exponent indicate?
-How many times the power is multiplied by 10
What does a negative exponent indicate?
-How many times the power is divided by 10
Lars
- Left
- Add
- Right
- Subtract
Accuracy
-A measure of how close a measurement comes to the true value
Percision
-A measure of how close a series of measurements are to one another
Accepted value
- The established value for a measurement based on reliable references
Experimental value
-The value measured in the lab
Error
-The difference between the experimental value and the accepted value
Percent Error
-A measure that is the absolute value of the error divided by the accepted value then multiplied by 100%
Significant figures
-All the digits that are known, plus the last digit that is estimated
Known Measured Values
- Values that are known and can be seen with the eye
- Not estimated
How to round when adding and subtracting decimals
- Answer should be rounded to the same number of decimals as the measurement with the least number of decimal places
- Count to right of decimal
How to round decimals when multiplying and dividing
- Round the answer to the same number of significant figures as the measurement with the least number of significant figures
- Decimal point does not matter
Formula to find error
-Experimental value - Accepted Value
How to find percent error
- error divided by accepted value X 100 percent
In order to have a good lab, your percent error should be equal to or below what?
-5%
Rule #1 for determining sig figs
Every nonzero digit in a measurement is significant
Rule 2 for determining sig figs
Zeros appearing between nonzero digits are significant
Rule 3 for determining sig figs
- Leftmost zeros are not significant
- Act as place holders
Rule 4 for determining sig figs
-Zeros at the end of number and to the right of a decimal point are always significant
Rule 5 for determining sig figs
- Zeros at the rightmost end of a measurement that lie to the left of an understood decimal point are not significant if they serve as placeholder
Rule 6 for determining sig figs
-If such zeros were know measured values, then they would be significant
Rule 7 for determining sig figs
-Counting has an unlimited number of significant figures
Rule 8 of determining sig figs
-Exact qualities have unlimited number of significant figures
