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Chemistry > Ch. 1 and 2 > Flashcards

Ch. 1 and 2 Flashcards

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0
Q

Chemsitry

A

-Study of the composition of matter and the changes that matter undergoes

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1
Q

Matter

A

-Anything that has mass and occupies space

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2
Q

What are the 5 areas of study for Chemistry

A
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Biochemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Physical Chemistry
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3
Q

Organic Chemistry

A

-The study of all chemicals containing carbon

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4
Q

Inorganic Chemistry

A

-The study of chemical in general do not contain carbon

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5
Q

Biochemistry

A

-The study processes that take place in living organisms

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6
Q

Analytical Chemistry

A

-Study that focuses on the composition of matter

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7
Q

Physical chemistry

A

-Area that deals with the mechanism, rate, and energy transfer that occurs when matter undergoes a change

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8
Q

Pure Chemistry

A

-Pursuit of chemical knowledge for its own sake

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9
Q

Applied Chemistry

A

-Research that is direct toward a practical goal or application

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10
Q

What are alchemists?

A
  • The people who used chemicals for medical, spiritual, and magical purposes
  • Alchemy is known as a proto-science
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11
Q

Goals of Alchemists

A
  1. To create the philosophers stone
  2. Transmute base metals into noble metals (gold or silver)
  3. Develop an elixir of life
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12
Q

When did alchemy stop being respected?

A
  • By the 1600’s alchemy was thought to be practiced by scam artists and con-men
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13
Q

Who ushered Alchemy into the modern age and when?

A
  • Robert Boyle
  • 1661
  • He used logical, quantifiable, and reliable way to study matter, which later parallel our modern use of the scientific method
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14
Q

How did chemistry emerge?

A

-By the 1700’s chemistry emerged from alchemy and distanced itself from religion, magic, and superstition

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15
Q

Who established the scientific method?

A
  • Boyle and Newton

- Esablished the scientific method as a standard to study the natural world

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16
Q

Scientific Method

A

-A logical systematic approach to the solution of a scientific problem

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17
Q

Observation

A

-Using your sense to obtain information

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18
Q

Hypothesis

A
  • Proposed explanation for an observation

- 2 hyptohesis’: what will happen (hypothesis) and what will not happen (null hypothesis)

19
Q

Experiment

A

-A procedure used to test a hypothesis

20
Q

Independent Variable

A

-The variable that you change during an experiment

21
Q

Dependent Variable

A

-The variable that is observed during the experiment

22
Q

Model

A
  • A representation of an object or event

- Chemists use models to study chemical reactions and processes

23
Q

Theory

A

-A well-tested explanation for a broad set of observations

24
Q

Scientific law

A

-Summarizes the results of man observations and experiments

25
Q

Conclusion

A

-To make judgements based off observations
-also called assuptions
Ex: When paper burns, ash and CO2 is formed

26
Q

Extensive properties

A
  • A property that depends on the amount of matter in a sample
  • Includes:
  • Mass
  • Weight
  • Volume
  • Length
27
Q

Mass

A

-The amount of matter an object contains

28
Q

Volume

A

-A measure of the space occupied by an object

29
Q

Intensive properties

A
  • Properties that do not depend on the amount of matter present
  • Examples: Color, Odor, Conductivity, hardness, Melting/Freezing point, Boiling point
30
Q

Solids

A

-A form of matter that has a definite shape and volume

31
Q

Liquids

A

-A form of matter that had an indefinite shape, flows, and yet had a fixed volume

32
Q

Gas

A

-A form of matter that takes both the shape and volume of its container

33
Q

Physical Change

A

-Some properties of the material change, but the composition of the material does not change

34
Q

Chemical Change

A

-Any change that results in the formation of new chemical substances

35
Q

Mixture

A
  • A physical blend of two or more components

- Most samples of matter are mixtures

36
Q

Heterogeneous Mixtures

A

-A mixture in which the composition is not uniform throughout

37
Q

Homogeneous Mixture

A
  • A mixture in which the composition is uniform throughout
  • Ex: Olive Oil, Vinegar
  • Many are liquids but some are gases, like air, and some are solids, like stainless steel
38
Q

Solution

A

-Another name for a homogeneous mixture

39
Q

Phase

A
  • Used to describe any part of a sample with uniform composition and properties
  • Ex: Homogeneous mixture has a single phase
  • Ex: Heterogeneous mixtures have 2 or more phases
40
Q

Decanting

A

-Pouring out a phase to separate the mixture

41
Q

Filtation

A
  • The process that separates a solid from a liquid in a heterogeneous mixture
  • Ex: Coffee filter separates the grounds from brewed coffee
42
Q

Distillation

A

-A liquid is boiled to produce a vapor that is then condensed into a liquid

43
Q

Control Variables

A
  • The variables in an experiment which are kept constant between trials
  • Ex: oven temp when baking cookies, amount of each ingredient
44
Q

Experimental controls

A

Experimental trials used to identify known experimental response

  • Positive control and Negative control
  • Positive: recieves a treatment that has a known response, that it can be observed and collected
  • Negative: group which no response is expected, and can be created by removing the independent variable or treatment is removed
45
Q

Alchemists believed…

A
  • The physical and spiritual world were connected

- The characteristics of the known elements could affect a persons physical and spiritual form

Chemistry (14 decks)

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