Chapter 3 .1, 3.2, 3.3 Flashcards
What is another name for covalent compounds?
molecular compounds
How is a chemical bond defined?
when two atoms in a compound stay connected due to the force of attraction between them
Why are noble gases stable and not reactive?
because they have 8 electrons in their valence shell
Define the octet rule
when elements react with each other to obtain 8 electrons in their valence shell
As part of the octet rule, how do elements determine with which noble gases to react?
elements on the right side of the table tend to move to the right to the next noble gas in the same row
elements on the left side of the table tend to move backwards to the noble gas found on the preceding row
Is octet achieved by sharing or transferring electrons or both?
both
In the pursuit of achieving octet, do electrons gain, lose, or transfer electrons in order to achieve a stable state?
All of the above. They may gain, lose, or transfer.
Name the two types of bonding that can result from chemicals forming compounds.
ionic bonds
covalent bonds
How are ionic bonds formed?
Do they have a charge?
transfer of electrons from one element to another
yes, they have a charge
How are covalent bonds formed?
Do they have a charge?
elements share their electrons to produce a neutral molecule
no, they are not charged
What two types of elements on the periodic table combine to make ionic compounds?
metals and nonmetals
What two types of elements on the periodic table combine to make covalent compounds?
nonmetals with nonmetals
What three types of bonds do covalent bonds make?
single bonds
double bonds
triple bonds
In single bonds, how many electrons are being shared between atoms?
two
In double bonds, how many electrons are shared between atoms?
four
In triple bonds, how many electrons are shared between atoms?
six
When covalent bonds form, do all electrons get shared between both atoms?
no
What is the name for the electrons responsible for forming the bond between two atoms?
bonding electrons
What is the name for the electrons not responsible for forming the bond between two atoms?
nonbonding electrons
When a bond is formed, are the sharing electrons shared equally between the atoms?
no
What is the name for the property that determines whether or not electrons will be shared equally between the atoms?
electronegativity
Explain what electronegativity is
describes the ability of an atom to attract an electron in a chemical bond
How can electronegativity be determined from the period table?
It increases in a period from left to right and in a group from the bottom to the top.
Are the electrons shared equally or unequally in a nonpolar covalent bond?
equally
Are the electrons shared equally or unequally in a polar covalent bond?
unequally
Will electrons spend more time around an atom with a higher or lower electronegativity?
higher
Considering the electrons are unequally shared in a polar covalent bond, explain a polar covalent bond.
The atom with the higher electronegativity will attract more electrons and will thus have a higher negative charge on that end of the bond and a higher positive charge on the other end of the bond, making it polar.
What is the partially negatively charged side of a polar covalent bond labeled?
delta -
What is the partially positively charged side of a polar covalent bond labeled?
delta +
