Chapter 3 .1, 3.2, 3.3

Question 1

What is another name for covalent compounds?

Answer 1

molecular compounds

Question 2

How is a chemical bond defined?

Answer 2

when two atoms in a compound stay connected due to the force of attraction between them

Question 3

Why are noble gases stable and not reactive?

Answer 3

because they have 8 electrons in their valence shell

Question 4

Define the octet rule

Answer 4

when elements react with each other to obtain 8 electrons in their valence shell

Question 5

As part of the octet rule, how do elements determine with which noble gases to react?

Answer 5

elements on the right side of the table tend to move to the right to the next noble gas in the same row

elements on the left side of the table tend to move backwards to the noble gas found on the preceding row

Question 6

Is octet achieved by sharing or transferring electrons or both?

Answer 6

both

Question 7

In the pursuit of achieving octet, do electrons gain, lose, or transfer electrons in order to achieve a stable state?

Answer 7

All of the above. They may gain, lose, or transfer.

Question 8

Name the two types of bonding that can result from chemicals forming compounds.

Answer 8

ionic bonds
covalent bonds

Question 9

How are ionic bonds formed?

Do they have a charge?

Answer 9

transfer of electrons from one element to another

yes, they have a charge

Question 10

How are covalent bonds formed?

Do they have a charge?

Answer 10

elements share their electrons to produce a neutral molecule

no, they are not charged

Question 11

What two types of elements on the periodic table combine to make ionic compounds?

Answer 11

metals and nonmetals

Question 12

What two types of elements on the periodic table combine to make covalent compounds?

Answer 12

nonmetals with nonmetals

Question 13

What three types of bonds do covalent bonds make?

Answer 13

single bonds
double bonds
triple bonds

Question 14

In single bonds, how many electrons are being shared between atoms?

Answer 14

two

Question 15

In double bonds, how many electrons are shared between atoms?

Answer 15

four

Question 16

In triple bonds, how many electrons are shared between atoms?

Answer 16

six

Question 17

When covalent bonds form, do all electrons get shared between both atoms?

Answer 17

no

Question 18

What is the name for the electrons responsible for forming the bond between two atoms?

Answer 18

bonding electrons

Question 19

What is the name for the electrons not responsible for forming the bond between two atoms?

Answer 19

nonbonding electrons

Question 20

When a bond is formed, are the sharing electrons shared equally between the atoms?

Answer 20

no

Question 21

What is the name for the property that determines whether or not electrons will be shared equally between the atoms?

Answer 21

electronegativity

Question 22

Explain what electronegativity is

Answer 22

describes the ability of an atom to attract an electron in a chemical bond

Question 23

How can electronegativity be determined from the period table?

Answer 23

It increases in a period from left to right and in a group from the bottom to the top.

Question 24

Are the electrons shared equally or unequally in a nonpolar covalent bond?

Answer 24

equally

Question 25

Are the electrons shared equally or unequally in a polar covalent bond?

Answer 25

unequally

Question 26

Will electrons spend more time around an atom with a higher or lower electronegativity?

Answer 26

higher

Question 27

Considering the electrons are unequally shared in a polar covalent bond, explain a polar covalent bond.

Answer 27

The atom with the higher electronegativity will attract more electrons and will thus have a higher negative charge on that end of the bond and a higher positive charge on the other end of the bond, making it polar.

Question 28

What is the partially negatively charged side of a polar covalent bond labeled?

Answer 28

delta -

Question 29

What is the partially positively charged side of a polar covalent bond labeled?

Answer 29

delta +