Chapter 2 Atoms, Elements, and Compounds

Question 1

define matter

Answer 1

anything that has mass or occupies space

Question 2

what are the two classifications of matter

Answer 2

pure substances

mixtures

Question 3

define chemistry

Answer 3

the study of matter, the structure and behavior

Question 4

what are the things that define the property of matter

Answer 4

descriptions, observations, or measurements of matter

Question 5

what are two types of properties

Answer 5

extensive
intensive

Question 6

explain what it means to be an intensive property of matter

provide example

think salt

Answer 6

observations, measurements, or descriptions that do not depend on the quantity of the substance

example: salt is white. the fact that salt is white does not depend on the quantity of the salt

Question 7

explain what it means to be an extensive property of matter

provide example

Answer 7

observations, descriptions, or measurements dependent on the quantity of the substance

example: mass and volume. if the salt weighs 3.5g, the property is dependent on the quantity

Question 8

often, is the quantity resulting from the ratio of two extensive properties intensive or extensive

Answer 8

intensive

Question 9

what is a mixture

Answer 9

two or more substances mixed together and can have different proportions of its ingredients

Question 10

what is a chemical substance

provide example

Answer 10

matter that has only one possible composition, always has the same percentages of its components

example: table salt

Question 11

what is a heterogeneous mixture

Answer 11

two or more components can be seen.

examples: oil and water, salt and pepper

Question 12

what is a homogeneous mixture

provide example

Answer 12

when a mixture looks like a single substance

example: salt water

Question 13

in a mixture, do individual substances keep their own identity?

Answer 13

yes

Question 14

in a mixture, do any chemical processes or modifications occur?

Answer 14

no

Question 15

from a mixture, can you recover any of the starting material in tact?

Answer 15

yes

Question 16

explain what a pure substance is

Answer 16

something that has a fixed, constant composition

Question 17

what are the two classifications of pure substances

Answer 17

elements

compounds

Question 18

define a compound

Answer 18

substance that is made of two or more other substances

have a fixed composition

usually look different from their components

difficult to separate into their individual components

Question 19

define elements

Answer 19

a pure substance that cannot be changed or broken down into anything else

Question 20

define atom

Answer 20

the smallest part of an element that cannot be broken down any further

Question 21

what does the atomic mass unit (amu) of an atom describe

Answer 21

describes the mass of an atom

Question 22

what is the expression in scientific notation of how many amus equal grams

Answer 22

6.022 x 10^23 amu

Question 23

what is a subatomic particle

Answer 23

a particle that atoms are made of

Question 24

what are the 3 subatomic particles of an atom

Answer 24

proton
neutron
electron

Question 25

what are the two important properties of a subatomic particle

Answer 25

electrical charge mass

Question 26

what two subatomic particles do all atoms contain

Answer 26

protons electrons

Question 27

which two subatomic particles have an opposite charge and are attracted to each other

Answer 27

protons electrons

Question 28

which subatomic particle has no electrical charge

Answer 28

neutrons

Question 29

what does the nucleus of an atom contain is it positively or negatively charged

Answer 29

a compact ball of the protons and neutrons positively charged

Question 30

what subatomic particle surrounds the nucleus

Answer 30

electrons

Question 31

can one identify the path of an electron around the nucleus

Answer 31

no

Question 32

define the atomic number, what does it represent

Answer 32

the number of protons in an atom

Question 33

do all atoms of an element have the same number of protons

Answer 33

yes

Question 34

do atoms normally have an electrical charge what does the answer mean for the number of protons and electrons in an atom

Answer 34

no they are usually the same amount to create a neutral charge

Question 35

what is an electrically neutral atom | think # of protons and electrons

Answer 35

an atom with equal number of protons and electrons

Question 36

how is the mass number of an atom calculated

Answer 36

adding the mass of protons and neutrons

Question 37

how many amus do protons and neutrons weigh, approximately

Answer 37

1 amu

Question 38

how do you express mass of an element show examples of flourine with a mass number 10

Answer 38

10^F F-10 flourine-10

Question 39

what are shells of an atom

Answer 39

shells are layers surrounding the atom that contain electrons

Question 40

how many electrons each the first four layers of the shell hold

Answer 40

2 8 18 32

Question 41

which shell layer do electrons perfer to be in and why

Answer 41

inner most shell because they are attracted to the protons in the nucleus

Question 42

what do the electrons in the outermost shell tell us about compounds

Answer 42

the ability for the element to form compounds and the formulas for those compounds are found by the number of electrons in the outer shell

Question 43

what are the electrons in the outermost shell of the atom called

Answer 43

valence electrons

Question 44

what is the outermost shell called in an atom

Answer 44

valence shell

Question 45

do elements that have a similar number of valence electrons have similar behavior?

Answer 45

yes

Question 46

what are the three classes of elements in the periodic table

Answer 46

metals nonmetals metalloids

Question 47

are metals solid at room temperature is there an exception

Answer 47

yes, except mercury, it's a liquid

Question 48

do metals conduct electricity well

Answer 48

yes

Question 49

describe the appearance of metals | two metals look different, which ones

Answer 49

shiny when polished silver or gray except copper and gold

Question 50

can metals be bent and shaped

Answer 50

yes

Question 51

are metalloids solid at room temperature

Answer 51

yes

Question 52

describe the appearance of metalloids

Answer 52

gray and shiny when polished

Question 53

do metalloids conduct electricity well

Answer 53

no

Question 54

what happens to metalloids when they are bent

Answer 54

they break

Question 55

are nonmetals a solid, gas, liquid or all three?

Answer 55

11 nonmetals are gases 5 solids one (bromine) is liquid

Question 56

describe the appearance of nonmetals

Answer 56

can be a multitude of colors are not shiny

Question 57

do nonmetals conduct electricty? | list two exceptions

Answer 57

no except graphite the graphite form of carbon

Question 58

do solid nonmetals bend or break

Answer 58

break

Question 59

how are elements listed in the periodic table?

Answer 59

in order of atomic number

Question 60

what are the rows on the periodic table called

Answer 60

periods

Question 61

what is the vertical column called on the periodic table?

Answer 61

group

Question 62

where are the representative elements on the periodic table and what are their columns labeled

Answer 62

far left and far right A columns

Question 63

where are the transition elements on the periodic table and how their columns (groups) labeled

Answer 63

in the middle between the representative elements labeled B

Question 64

what type of elements are on the left side of the periodic table

Answer 64

metals

Question 65

what elements are on the right side of the periodic table

Answer 65

nonmetals

Question 66

what elements are in the middle of the periodic table

Answer 66

metalloids

Question 67

what are the elements in groups 1A name one exception

Answer 67

Alkali Metals H is not a metal

Question 68

what are the elements in group 2A called

Answer 68

Alkaline Earth Metals

Question 69

what are the elements in Group 7A called

Answer 69

halogens

Question 70

what are the elements in Gropu 8A called

Answer 70

noble gases

Question 71

which group on the periodic table are very reactive and combine with many other elements to form compounds

Answer 71

7A

Question 72

which group on the periodic table rarely combines with any other elements

Answer 72

Group 8A

Question 73

for the representative groups in the periodic table of elements, what does the group number represent?

Answer 73

the number of valence electrons in the elements in that group each element has the same number of valence electrons

Question 74

what does the period number represent on the periodic table of elements

Answer 74

the number of shells an element has

Question 75

what are atoms that are the same element with different masses called?

Answer 75

isotopes

Question 76

what happens to the mass of two atoms when they have a different number of neutrons

Answer 76

they have a different mass

Question 77

what is the average mass of an atom of an element based on the distribution of isotopes we see on earth

Answer 77

atomic mass

Question 78

how do you define mol

Answer 78

the atomic weight of an element expressed in grams

Question 79

what is a formula unit

Answer 79

a group of atoms

Question 80

what is a chemical formula

Answer 80

the written expression of a formula unit

Question 81

what is a formula weight

Answer 81

total mass of all atoms in one formula unit