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Chemistry > Chapter 2 Atoms, Elements, and Compounds > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Atoms, Elements, and Compounds Flashcards

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1
Q

define matter

A

anything that has mass or occupies space

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2
Q

what are the two classifications of matter

A

pure substances

mixtures

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3
Q

define chemistry

A

the study of matter, the structure and behavior

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4
Q

what are the things that define the property of matter

A

descriptions, observations, or measurements of matter

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5
Q

what are two types of properties

A

extensive
intensive

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6
Q

explain what it means to be an intensive property of matter

provide example

think salt

A

observations, measurements, or descriptions that do not depend on the quantity of the substance

example: salt is white. the fact that salt is white does not depend on the quantity of the salt

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7
Q

explain what it means to be an extensive property of matter

provide example

A

observations, descriptions, or measurements dependent on the quantity of the substance

example: mass and volume. if the salt weighs 3.5g, the property is dependent on the quantity

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8
Q

often, is the quantity resulting from the ratio of two extensive properties intensive or extensive

A

intensive

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9
Q

what is a mixture

A

two or more substances mixed together and can have different proportions of its ingredients

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10
Q

what is a chemical substance

provide example

A

matter that has only one possible composition, always has the same percentages of its components

example: table salt

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11
Q

what is a heterogeneous mixture

A

two or more components can be seen.

examples: oil and water, salt and pepper

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12
Q

what is a homogeneous mixture

provide example

A

when a mixture looks like a single substance

example: salt water

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13
Q

in a mixture, do individual substances keep their own identity?

A

yes

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14
Q

in a mixture, do any chemical processes or modifications occur?

A

no

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15
Q

from a mixture, can you recover any of the starting material in tact?

A

yes

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16
Q

explain what a pure substance is

A

something that has a fixed, constant composition

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17
Q

what are the two classifications of pure substances

A

elements

compounds

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18
Q

define a compound

A

substance that is made of two or more other substances

have a fixed composition

usually look different from their components

difficult to separate into their individual components

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19
Q

define elements

A

a pure substance that cannot be changed or broken down into anything else

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20
Q

define atom

A

the smallest part of an element that cannot be broken down any further

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21
Q

what does the atomic mass unit (amu) of an atom describe

A

describes the mass of an atom

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22
Q

what is the expression in scientific notation of how many amus equal grams

A

6.022 x 10^23 amu

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23
Q

what is a subatomic particle

A

a particle that atoms are made of

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24
Q

what are the 3 subatomic particles of an atom

A

proton
neutron
electron

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25
Q

what are the two important properties of a subatomic particle

A

electrical charge
mass

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26
Q

what two subatomic particles do all atoms contain

A

protons
electrons

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27
Q

which two subatomic particles have an opposite charge and are attracted to each other

A

protons
electrons

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28
Q

which subatomic particle has no electrical charge

A

neutrons

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29
Q

what does the nucleus of an atom contain

is it positively or negatively charged

A

a compact ball of the protons and neutrons

positively charged

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30
Q

what subatomic particle surrounds the nucleus

A

electrons

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31
Q

can one identify the path of an electron around the nucleus

A

no

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32
Q

define the atomic number, what does it represent

A

the number of protons in an atom

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33
Q

do all atoms of an element have the same number of protons

A

yes

34
Q

do atoms normally have an electrical charge

what does the answer mean for the number of protons and electrons in an atom

A

no

they are usually the same amount to create a neutral charge

35
Q

what is an electrically neutral atom

think # of protons and electrons

A

an atom with equal number of protons and electrons

36
Q

how is the mass number of an atom calculated

A

adding the mass of protons and neutrons

37
Q

how many amus do protons and neutrons weigh, approximately

A

1 amu

38
Q

how do you express mass of an element
show examples of flourine with a mass number 10

A

10^F
F-10
flourine-10

39
Q

what are shells of an atom

A

shells are layers surrounding the atom that contain electrons

40
Q

how many electrons each the first four layers of the shell hold

A

2
8
18
32

41
Q

which shell layer do electrons perfer to be in and why

A

inner most shell because they are attracted to the protons in the nucleus

42
Q

what do the electrons in the outermost shell tell us about compounds

A

the ability for the element to form compounds and the formulas for those compounds are found by the number of electrons in the outer shell

43
Q

what are the electrons in the outermost shell of the atom called

A

valence electrons

44
Q

what is the outermost shell called in an atom

A

valence shell

45
Q

do elements that have a similar number of valence electrons have similar behavior?

A

yes

46
Q

what are the three classes of elements in the periodic table

A

metals
nonmetals
metalloids

47
Q

are metals solid at room temperature

is there an exception

A

yes, except mercury, it’s a liquid

48
Q

do metals conduct electricity well

A

yes

49
Q

describe the appearance of metals

two metals look different, which ones

A

shiny when polished
silver or gray except copper and gold

50
Q

can metals be bent and shaped

A

yes

51
Q

are metalloids solid at room temperature

A

yes

52
Q

describe the appearance of metalloids

A

gray and shiny when polished

53
Q

do metalloids conduct electricity well

A

no

54
Q

what happens to metalloids when they are bent

A

they break

55
Q

are nonmetals a solid, gas, liquid or all three?

A

11 nonmetals are gases
5 solids
one (bromine) is liquid

56
Q

describe the appearance of nonmetals

A

can be a multitude of colors
are not shiny

57
Q

do nonmetals conduct electricty?

list two exceptions

A

no
except graphite the graphite form of carbon

58
Q

do solid nonmetals bend or break

A

break

59
Q

how are elements listed in the periodic table?

A

in order of atomic number

60
Q

what are the rows on the periodic table called

A

periods

61
Q

what is the vertical column called on the periodic table?

A

group

62
Q

where are the representative elements on the periodic table and what are their columns labeled

A

far left and far right
A columns

63
Q

where are the transition elements on the periodic table and how their columns (groups) labeled

A

in the middle between the representative elements
labeled B

64
Q

what type of elements are on the left side of the periodic table

A

metals

65
Q

what elements are on the right side of the periodic table

A

nonmetals

66
Q

what elements are in the middle of the periodic table

A

metalloids

67
Q

what are the elements in groups 1A
name one exception

A

Alkali Metals

H is not a metal

68
Q

what are the elements in group 2A called

A

Alkaline Earth Metals

69
Q

what are the elements in Group 7A called

A

halogens

70
Q

what are the elements in Gropu 8A called

A

noble gases

71
Q

which group on the periodic table are very reactive and combine with many other elements to form compounds

A

7A

72
Q

which group on the periodic table rarely combines with any other elements

A

Group 8A

73
Q

for the representative groups in the periodic table of elements, what does the group number represent?

A

the number of valence electrons in the elements in that group

each element has the same number of valence electrons

74
Q

what does the period number represent on the periodic table of elements

A

the number of shells an element has

75
Q

what are atoms that are the same element with different masses called?

A

isotopes

76
Q

what happens to the mass of two atoms when they have a different number of neutrons

A

they have a different mass

77
Q

what is the average mass of an atom of an element based on the distribution of isotopes we see on earth

A

atomic mass

78
Q

how do you define mol

A

the atomic weight of an element expressed in grams

79
Q

what is a formula unit

A

a group of atoms

80
Q

what is a chemical formula

A

the written expression of a formula unit

81
Q

what is a formula weight

A

total mass of all atoms in one formula unit

Chemistry (20 decks)

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