Chapter 29

Question 1

Medications to treat hypertension act on the

Answer 1

Na–K–2Cl cotransporter.

Question 2

Which of the following can be present in the proximal convoluted tubule in amphibians’ nephrons?

a. Sodium
b. Amino acids
c. Chloride
d. Both a and c
e. All of the above

Answer 2

E

Question 3

If the blood pressure in the glomerular capillary is +7 kPa, the colloid osmotic pressure is –3 kPa, and the capsular fluid hydrostatic pressure is –2 kPa, then the filtration pressure is _______ kPa.

Answer 3

2

Question 4

If the filtration pressure is +8 kPa, the colloid osmotic pressure is –2 kPa, and the capsular fluid hydrostatic pressure is –1 kPa, then the pressure in the glomerular capillaries is _______ kPa.

Answer 4

11

Question 5

Which of the following molecules can pass through the nephrons?

a. A molecule that has a molecular weight of 9.5 kilodaltons
b. A molecule that has a molecular weight of 12.5 kilodaltons
c. A molecule that has a molecular weight of 13.5 kilodaltons
d. A molecule that has a molecular weight of 14.5 kilodaltons
e. A molecule that has a molecular weight of 15.5 kilodaltons

Answer 5

A

Question 6

The active transport of NaCl in the ascending limb of loop of Henle leads to

Answer 6

hyperosmotic fluid in the interstitial region.

Question 7

The vasa recta are

a. cells in the collecting ducts.
b. substances released from the bladder.
c. a species of amphibians.
d. blood capillaries around the proximal convoluted tubules in mammals.
e. None of the above

Answer 7

E

Question 8

Urea is reabsorbed in the collecting duct by

Answer 8

facilitated diffusion.

Question 9

What is the correct order, from blood to ureter, of the structures of a mammalian nephron?

Answer 9

Bowman’s capsule; proximal convoluted tubule; loop of Henle; distal convoluted tubule

Question 10

In amphibians, when ADH is released, the number of aquaporins in the bladder and the distal convoluted tubule ____.

Answer 10

increases

Question 11

Which of the following statements about marine teleosts is false?

a. They usually lack a distal convoluted tubule.
b. They are hyposmotic to seawater.
c. They have more nephrons compared to freshwater teleosts.
d. They live in a hyperosmotic environment.
e. Some species lack glomeruli.

Answer 11

C

Question 12

Which of the following is usually not found in marine teleosts?

a. Glomerular capsule
b. Proximal convoluted tubule
c. Loop of Henle
d. Distal convoluted tubule
e. Collecting duct

Answer 12

D

Question 13

In amphibians, sodium reabsorption begins in the

Answer 13

proximal convoluted tubule.

Question 14

Insects have excretory tubules known as

Answer 14

Malpighian tubules.

Question 15

In amphibians, chloride reabsorption begins in the

Answer 15

proximal convoluted tubule.

Question 16

In the mammalian proximal convoluted tubule, sodium reabsorption is coupled with

Answer 16

glucose and protons.

Question 17

What hormones controls water regulation in the kidney?

Answer 17

ADH (antidiuretic hormone)

Question 18

Which of the following will not have an effect on the glomerular blood pressure?

a. Nervous system innervation of the smooth muscles that surround blood vessels
b. Endocrine system hormones acting on skeletal muscles
c. An increase in heart rate
d. A change in the diameter of the afferent blood vessel
e. A change in the diameter of the efferent blood vessel

Answer 18

B

Question 19

The colloid osmotic pressure is best defined as the

a. pressure generated by the beating of the heart.
b. pressure generated by the contraction of skeletal muscles pushing on the blood vessels.
c. pressure generated by the contraction of smooth muscles around the blood vessels.
d. osmotic pressure exerted by plasma proteins in the blood vessels.
e. pressure difference between the osmotic pressure of the blood plasma and the osmotic pressure of the capsular fluid.

Answer 19

D

Question 20

The macula densa in mammalian nephrons secrete

Answer 20

renin

Question 21

In this class period (75mi) your kidney glomeruli will filter how much of your blood plasma?

Answer 21

All of it more than twice

Question 22

What drives ultrafiltration in your kidneys glomeruli ?

Answer 22

Blood hydrostatic pressure

Question 23

NaCL reabsorption and water reabsorption in the proximal tubules of this mudpuppies nephrons results in urine that is ____ to blood and in distal tubules is ___ to blood.

Answer 23

isosmotic,hyposmotic

Question 24

In diuresis, ___ levels of ADH result in aquaporin ___ distal tubule epithelial cell membranes of this leaf frog.

Answer 24

low,removal from

Question 25

Urine concentrated before it leaves the kidney in____

Answer 25

collecting ducts

Question 26

Urine leaves the loop of Henle with ____ osmotic pressure than when it enters.

Answer 26

lower

Question 27

Diuresis occurs when the collecting duct ?

Answer 27

becomes less permeable to water

Question 28

Where does passive countercurrent exchange occur, preserving the Nacl concentration gradient?

Answer 28

vasa recta(vein)

Question 29

____ is the active transport of a
solute into the renal tubule, followed by osmosis and diffusion of
other solutes into the tubule.

Answer 29

secertion

Question 30

______ urine is produced by _____, both in volume

and composition, of the primary urine within the renal tubules.

Answer 30

definitive, extensive modification

Question 31

Water reabsorption is controlled by altering the permeability of the tubule to water. Lower permeability = ?

Answer 31

hyposmotic urine

Question 32

ADH ____ water permeability of distal tubule (i.e. decreases water excretion), but ADH levels are low. ADH also____ GFR and promotes ___ reabsorption.

Answer 32

increases,reduces, NaCl

Question 33

Urinary bladder responds to ADH by reabsorbing ___ and _____ water permeability (and reabsorption). Amphibians can thereby store water in their bladders. Most vertebrates can’t

Answer 33

NaCL, increasing