Chapter 10 - Thermal Relations Flashcards
Most animals are _______. Most endotherms are _______.
ecthotherms; thermoregulators
Suppose that due to global climate change, the average minimum air temperature during January increased by 4°C. What would be the likely effect on the northern range limit for birds such as the eastern phoebe?
The limit would move farther north to the new ‒4°C isotherm.
When the body temperature of ghost crabs is raised from 15°C to 24°C, resting metabolic rate and V̇O2max both increase, but the increase in V̇O2max is much greater than the increase in resting metabolic rate. Given this information, what would be the likely result if ghost crabs in nature experienced conditions that raised their typical body temperature from 15°C to 24°C?
Aerobic scope and capacity for aerobic exercise would increase.
Besides temperature, the factor that is important for conduction, convection, and thermal radiation is ________.
surface area
Suppose that an animal is sweating profusely. The dripping of sweat off the animal’s surface ______.
does not contribute to heating or cooling of the animal
Animals, plants, and other objects in the natural environment generally emit radiation at wavelengths of _______ or longer.
3–4 μm
On an overcast night, as opposed to a night with a clear sky, the thermal environment experienced by a desert rodent will be ___________.
warmer because less radiant heat is lost to an overcast sky
You are in Las Vegas in summer and you see a dog tied to a fence with no access to shade. As the dog is obviously having problems with the heat, what would be the fastest means of cooling the dog’s internal temperature?
A. Put the dog in an 87°F pool of water.
B. Put a few ice cubes in the dog’s water bowl.
C. Put the dog in the shade and near a fan.
D. Shave the dog’s fur off.
A. Put the dog in an 87°F pool of water.
The three time frames over which animals respond physiologically to environmental change are ________.
acute, chronic, and evolutionary
Antarctic fur seals live in cold water, thermoregulate, and maintain elevated core body temperatures. Manatees, another marine mammal, live in warm water, thermoregulate, and maintain elevated core body temperatures. Based on general principles, one would predict that for Antarctic fur seals, the effect of temperature on enzyme–substrate activity would be similar to that of _______-water fish, and for manatees it would be similar to that of _______-water fish.
A. stenothermal cold; stenothermal warm
B. eurythermal cold; eurythermal warm
C. stenothermal cold; eurythermal warm
D. stenothermal warm; stenothermal warm
D. stenothermal warm; stenothermal warm
How do your muscles use ATP to move?
- An action potential in the nerve cell causes Ca2+ to be released inside the cell.
- Vesicles are created and fusees to the membrane to release Ach
- Ach crosses the synapse & binds to receptors of the muscle cell
- Na+ channels open creating an action potential along the T-tubule
- This releases Ca2+ inside the muscle cell through the opening of Ca2+ channels
- Ca2+ binds to tropomyosin & troponin allowing myosin to “walk” along actin to generate a muscle contraction!
What are the different mechanisms animals use to exchange heat with their environments?
respiratory evaporation radiation from the ground reflected radiation from the sun radiation from the sky direct radiation from the sun radiation from plants cutaneous evaporation
What does it mean if an animal increases its oxygen consumption as its temperature increases?
As the animal gets warmer, more oxygen is going into its system, their metabolic rate is increasing meaning their ATP production is also increasing
Do warm or cold acclimated fish have a greater ability to accept oxygen as their final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?
Cold acclimated salmon have more mitochondria, they are performing aerobic respiration more readily. Their cytochrome c oxidase levels stay the same.
Cold acclimated trout have more cytochrome c oxidase readily available which is beneficial for aerobic respiration.
What is the benefit of the eye lens of the Antarctic toothfish?
It has special enzymes, gamma crystallins, that protect the eyes from freezing at such low temperatures, 2 degrees Celsius for example.
