Chapter 29

Question 1

what is the vertebrate phylum?

Answer 1

Chordata

Question 2

body cavity of chordates?

Answer 2

true coelomates

Question 3

list the 4 characteristics that all chordata have at some point in their lives

Answer 3

1. nerve cord
2. notochord
3. pharangyeal slits
4. postanal tail

Question 4

list 2 other characteristics of chordates other than the main 4

Answer 4

1. somites: blocks of muscle tissue in early development

2. internal skeleton in most

Question 5

name a chordate that retains all 4 defining characteristics throughout its entire life

Answer 5

lancelets

Question 6

list the 3 subphyla of phylum chordata

Answer 6

1. urochordata
2. cephalochordata
3. vertebrata
   1 and 2 are invertebrates

Question 7

list an example organism of subphylum urochordata

Answer 7

sea squirts (tunicates)

Question 8

describe the larvae of sea squirts

Answer 8

tadpole like, free swimming, do not feed

Question 9

describe adult sea squirts

Answer 9

lose tail and notochord, immobile filter feeders, secrete a tunic (cellulose sac)

Question 10

how do sea squirts feed?

Answer 10

filter feeders

Question 11

what are vertebrates?

Answer 11

chordates with a spinal column

Question 12

in what 2 ways are vertebrates distinguished from invertebrates?

Answer 12

1. vertebral column: encloses and portects the dorsal nerve cord
2. cranium: hard structure enclosing brain

Question 13

list an example organism of subphylum cephalochordata

Answer 13

lancelets

Question 14

list the 7 classes of subphylum vertebrata and describe generally

Answer 14

1. Agnatha: jawless fishes
2. Chondrichtyhes: cartilagenous fishes
3. Osteichthyes: bony fishes
4. Amphibia: amphibians
5. Reptilia: reptiles
6. Aves: birds
7. Mammalia: mammals

Question 15

what is the most diverse vertebrate group?

Answer 15

fishes

Question 16

what 4 cahracteristics do all fishes have?

Answer 16

1. vertebral column (duuh)
2. Jaws and paired appendages (except Agnathans)
3. internal gills
4. single-loop closed circulation

Question 17

list the 2 types of agnathans

Answer 17

Hagfishes and lamprey

Question 18

describe hagfishes

Answer 18

eel-like SCAVENGERS, cartilagenous skeleton, no vertebral column, only notochord

Question 19

describe lamprey

Answer 19

eel-like PREDATORS, some vertebral elements, no paired appendages

Question 20

what classes are gnathostomes?

Answer 20

chondrichthyes, osteichthyes, amphibia, reptilia, aves

Question 21

what and who are the chondricthyes?

Answer 21

cartilaginous fishes, sharks, skates, rays

Question 22

what are osteichythyes?

Answer 22

bony fishes, the most species rich group of all vertebrates

Question 23

list 2 example organisms of osteichthyes?

Answer 23

ray-finned and lobe-finned fishes

Question 24

describe ray-finned fishes

Answer 24

parallel bony rays support and stiffen each fin, no muscles within the fins

Question 25

describe lobe-finned fishes

Answer 25

have paired fins that consist of a long, fleshy muscular lobe, supported by central co-jointed bones

Question 26

what is a swim bladder and what class has it and why?

Answer 26

a gas filled sac that allows bony fishes to regulate their bouyant density, in osteichthyes because their bones make them so damn heavy

Question 27

what system is the swim bladder associated with and why?

Answer 27

circulatory system, because that’s where oxygen is located to fill the swim bladder