Chapter 28 pt. 2 Flashcards
what 3 things does the body design of coelomates do?
- repositions body fluids
- allows complex tissues/organs to develop
- allows larger body size
what is the second most diverse phylum?
mollusca
list the 4 representative classes of phylum mollusca
- polyplacophora
- cephalopoda
- gastropoda
- bivalvia
mollusk body symmetry?
bilateral
what is the mantle?
a thick epidermis that covers the dorsal side of the body, secretes shell of mollusks
what are mollusca gills also called
ctenidia
what does the mollusca muscular foot do
locomotion, attachment, food capture
what are nephridia?
special excretory structures that remove nitrogenous wastes in mollusks
what type of circulatory system do all mollusks except cephalopods have and why?
open, all larger animals, like cephalopods, have a closed system
what does it mean to have an open circulatory system>
blood goes into the coelomic cavity before the tissues
describe mollusk reproduction
distinct male and female individuals in most, external fertilization, free-swimming larvae
describe polyplacophora
chitons, 8-plated, body not segmented, grazing herbivores (cows with shells)
describe body plan of gastropoda
pairs of tentacles with eyes
describe the 2 aspects of embryological development in gastropoda
- torsion: mantle cavity and anus are moved from the posterior to the front
- coiling: spiral winding of the shell
describe body plan of bivalvia
2 lateral shells (valves) hinged together dorsally
how do bivalves eat?
sessile filter feeders
how do bivalves move water across their gills?
with siphons
describe cephalopoda
active marine predators with highly developed nervous systems
who are the segmented worms?
phylum annelida
what does annelid segmentation allow for?
specialization
how are annelids divided internally?
by septa
what special structure do annelids have that aids in reproduction
?
clitellum
what internal framework do annelids have and what does it allow them to do?
hydrostatic skeleton, allows for fluid contractions of lengthening and shortening
how does gas exchange occur in annelids?
diffusion
give a representative organism of phylum annelida
earthworm, leech
describe repro of annelids
monoecious,clitellum holds together
list the 4 subphyla of phylum arthropoda
- celicerata
- insecta
- myriapoda
- crustacea
what are 2 hallmark characteristics of phylum arthropoda?
jointed appendages
chitonous exoskeleton
what are tagmata?
specialized functional groups of segments of arthropoda
what are the 3 body regions of arthropods and what does each contain?
- head: sensory organs, brain
- thorax: appoendages for movements,legs, wings
- abdomen: organ systems
what type of eyes do arthropods have?
simple and complex
describe the nervous system of arthropods
double chained ganglia, brain is an inhibitor
describe the respiratory system of arthropods
trachea and trahcioles, connected to the exterior by spriacles
what is unique about arhtropod excretory system?
Malphigian tubules, which elimate nitrogenous waste in the form of uric acid
what is ecdysis?
molting for growth or replacement of the exoskeleton
what body plan do arhtropods have?
tube within a tube
describe repro of arthropods
dioecious, internal fertilization, nonrandom mating
describe SP chelicerata
arachnids, 2 tagmata
what aare chelicerae?
the anterior most appendages of chelicerata that function as fangs or pincers
list and descrive the 2 tagmata of chelicera
- prosome: anterior, all appendages
2. opisthosoma: posterior, contains repro organs
what are spinnerets?
where the silk protein is forced out of spiders
list the 2 members of SP myriapoda
centipedes (carnivorous) and millipedes
describe legs of myriapoda
centipedes have one pair on each segment
millipedes have two or some on all segments
do terrestrial crustaceans exist?
yes but they must return to water to lay eggs
how many tagmata do curstacea have?
3, but the 2 most anterior fues to form a cephalothorac
what are mandibles?
the biting jaws of crustacea
are all crustacea dioecious?
no, baarnacles are the exception
discuss barnacles
sessile, hermaphroditic crustacea
what subphyla is the largest group of animals?
insecta
what is simple metamorphosis?
immature stages are similar to adults (grasshoppers)
what is complete metamorphosis?
immature larvae are wormlike, and a resting stage, called a pupa or chrysalis precedes adult form
what is incomplete metamorphosis?
nymphs come after larvae and resemble tiny adults
discuss the fundamental shift in symmetry that occurs in echinoderms
larvae bilateral, adults pentaradial
how is body structure discussed in echinoderms?
in reference to their mouths which are the oral surface
what is the upper surface of echinoderms called?
aboral
what is the under surface of echinoderms called?
dorsal
describe the endoskeleton of echinoderms
found internal to epidermis, contains thousands of neurosensory cells, composed of ossicles, perforated by pores that allow extension of tube feet
what is the water vascular system?
a hydraulic system that aids in movement and feeding. composed of a central ring canal from which five radial canals extend into each of the body’s 5 parts
what is a madreporite?
opening for water entry in the WVA
what is the ampulla?
muscular sac for tube feet control in WVA
describe the flow of the WVA from end to end
in through madreporite, stone canal, ring canal, radial canal, ampulla, out through tube feet
echinoderm body cavity?
true coelomate
describe repro in echinoderms
dioecious and external fertilization, but can asexually reproduce by regenerating split off parts
give 5 representative animals of echinodermata
sea star, sea cucumber, sea lily, brittle star, sea urchin
