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Zoology > Chapter 28 pt. 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 28 pt. 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what 3 things does the body design of coelomates do?

A
  1. repositions body fluids
  2. allows complex tissues/organs to develop
  3. allows larger body size
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2
Q

what is the second most diverse phylum?

A

mollusca

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3
Q

list the 4 representative classes of phylum mollusca

A
  1. polyplacophora
  2. cephalopoda
  3. gastropoda
  4. bivalvia
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4
Q

mollusk body symmetry?

A

bilateral

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5
Q

what is the mantle?

A

a thick epidermis that covers the dorsal side of the body, secretes shell of mollusks

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6
Q

what are mollusca gills also called

A

ctenidia

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7
Q

what does the mollusca muscular foot do

A

locomotion, attachment, food capture

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8
Q

what are nephridia?

A

special excretory structures that remove nitrogenous wastes in mollusks

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9
Q

what type of circulatory system do all mollusks except cephalopods have and why?

A

open, all larger animals, like cephalopods, have a closed system

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10
Q

what does it mean to have an open circulatory system>

A

blood goes into the coelomic cavity before the tissues

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11
Q

describe mollusk reproduction

A

distinct male and female individuals in most, external fertilization, free-swimming larvae

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12
Q

describe polyplacophora

A

chitons, 8-plated, body not segmented, grazing herbivores (cows with shells)

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13
Q

describe body plan of gastropoda

A

pairs of tentacles with eyes

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14
Q

describe the 2 aspects of embryological development in gastropoda

A
  1. torsion: mantle cavity and anus are moved from the posterior to the front
  2. coiling: spiral winding of the shell
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15
Q

describe body plan of bivalvia

A

2 lateral shells (valves) hinged together dorsally

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16
Q

how do bivalves eat?

A

sessile filter feeders

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17
Q

how do bivalves move water across their gills?

A

with siphons

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18
Q

describe cephalopoda

A

active marine predators with highly developed nervous systems

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19
Q

who are the segmented worms?

A

phylum annelida

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20
Q

what does annelid segmentation allow for?

A

specialization

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21
Q

how are annelids divided internally?

A

by septa

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22
Q

what special structure do annelids have that aids in reproduction
?

A

clitellum

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23
Q

what internal framework do annelids have and what does it allow them to do?

A

hydrostatic skeleton, allows for fluid contractions of lengthening and shortening

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24
Q

how does gas exchange occur in annelids?

A

diffusion

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25
Q

give a representative organism of phylum annelida

A

earthworm, leech

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26
Q

describe repro of annelids

A

monoecious,clitellum holds together

27
Q

list the 4 subphyla of phylum arthropoda

A
  1. celicerata
  2. insecta
  3. myriapoda
  4. crustacea
28
Q

what are 2 hallmark characteristics of phylum arthropoda?

A

jointed appendages

chitonous exoskeleton

29
Q

what are tagmata?

A

specialized functional groups of segments of arthropoda

30
Q

what are the 3 body regions of arthropods and what does each contain?

A
  1. head: sensory organs, brain
  2. thorax: appoendages for movements,legs, wings
  3. abdomen: organ systems
31
Q

what type of eyes do arthropods have?

A

simple and complex

32
Q

describe the nervous system of arthropods

A

double chained ganglia, brain is an inhibitor

33
Q

describe the respiratory system of arthropods

A

trachea and trahcioles, connected to the exterior by spriacles

34
Q

what is unique about arhtropod excretory system?

A

Malphigian tubules, which elimate nitrogenous waste in the form of uric acid

35
Q

what is ecdysis?

A

molting for growth or replacement of the exoskeleton

36
Q

what body plan do arhtropods have?

A

tube within a tube

37
Q

describe repro of arthropods

A

dioecious, internal fertilization, nonrandom mating

38
Q

describe SP chelicerata

A

arachnids, 2 tagmata

39
Q

what aare chelicerae?

A

the anterior most appendages of chelicerata that function as fangs or pincers

40
Q

list and descrive the 2 tagmata of chelicera

A
  1. prosome: anterior, all appendages

2. opisthosoma: posterior, contains repro organs

41
Q

what are spinnerets?

A

where the silk protein is forced out of spiders

42
Q

list the 2 members of SP myriapoda

A

centipedes (carnivorous) and millipedes

43
Q

describe legs of myriapoda

A

centipedes have one pair on each segment

millipedes have two or some on all segments

44
Q

do terrestrial crustaceans exist?

A

yes but they must return to water to lay eggs

45
Q

how many tagmata do curstacea have?

A

3, but the 2 most anterior fues to form a cephalothorac

46
Q

what are mandibles?

A

the biting jaws of crustacea

47
Q

are all crustacea dioecious?

A

no, baarnacles are the exception

48
Q

discuss barnacles

A

sessile, hermaphroditic crustacea

49
Q

what subphyla is the largest group of animals?

A

insecta

50
Q

what is simple metamorphosis?

A

immature stages are similar to adults (grasshoppers)

51
Q

what is complete metamorphosis?

A

immature larvae are wormlike, and a resting stage, called a pupa or chrysalis precedes adult form

52
Q

what is incomplete metamorphosis?

A

nymphs come after larvae and resemble tiny adults

53
Q

discuss the fundamental shift in symmetry that occurs in echinoderms

A

larvae bilateral, adults pentaradial

54
Q

how is body structure discussed in echinoderms?

A

in reference to their mouths which are the oral surface

55
Q

what is the upper surface of echinoderms called?

A

aboral

56
Q

what is the under surface of echinoderms called?

A

dorsal

57
Q

describe the endoskeleton of echinoderms

A

found internal to epidermis, contains thousands of neurosensory cells, composed of ossicles, perforated by pores that allow extension of tube feet

58
Q

what is the water vascular system?

A

a hydraulic system that aids in movement and feeding. composed of a central ring canal from which five radial canals extend into each of the body’s 5 parts

59
Q

what is a madreporite?

A

opening for water entry in the WVA

60
Q

what is the ampulla?

A

muscular sac for tube feet control in WVA

61
Q

describe the flow of the WVA from end to end

A

in through madreporite, stone canal, ring canal, radial canal, ampulla, out through tube feet

62
Q

echinoderm body cavity?

A

true coelomate

63
Q

describe repro in echinoderms

A

dioecious and external fertilization, but can asexually reproduce by regenerating split off parts

64
Q

give 5 representative animals of echinodermata

A

sea star, sea cucumber, sea lily, brittle star, sea urchin

Zoology (7 decks)

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