Chapter 27

Question 1

list the 3 domains

Answer 1

archae, bacteria, eukarya

Question 2

list the 4 kingdoms in domain eukarya

Answer 2

Portista, Plantae, Fungi, Animalia

Question 3

what are animals, based on how the get nutrients?

Answer 3

consumers or heterotrophs

Question 4

list the 3 major characteristics that all animals share

Answer 4

1. multicellular
2. cells without cell walls
3. mobility at some point during life

Question 5

what are tissues?

Answer 5

group of cells of the same/similar type working together to perform a particular function

Question 6

what are Hox genes?

Answer 6

responsible for organizing body plan, master genes that can turn on or off large numbers of other genes, homologous in the animal kingdom

Question 7

how is kingdom animalia (metazoans) divided based on presence or absence of tissues?

Answer 7

into 3 major clades: placozoa, parazoa, eumetazoa

Question 8

list the tissue type and symmetry of parazoans and placozoanss

Answer 8

no tissues, no symmetry

Question 9

list the tissue type of symmetry of the eumetazoans

Answer 9

posses tissues, divided into radiata (radial) and bilateria (bilateral symmetry)

Question 10

who are the members of radiata?

Answer 10

P. Ctenophora

P. Cnidaria

Question 11

who are the members of bilateria?

Answer 11

acoleomates, pseudocoleomates, and eucoelomates

Question 12

is a digestive tract the same as a body cavity?

Answer 12

NOOOO

Question 13

what are diploblasts?

Answer 13

have 2 tissue layers during early develpment (endoderm and ectoderm)

Question 14

what are triploblasts?

Answer 14

have 3 tissue layers during early development (endo, meso, and ectoderm)

Question 15

who are diploblasts?

Answer 15

radiata members only

Question 16

who are triploblasts?

Answer 16

bilateria members only

Question 17

list the 3 advantages of bilateral symmetry

Answer 17

1. cephalization
2. body segmentation
3. greater mobility

Question 18

what is cephalization?

Answer 18

evolutiopn of definite brain area

Question 19

who are acoelomates?

Answer 19

radiata members, parazoa members, and platyhelminthes

Question 20

who are pseudocoelomates?

Answer 20

nematodes and rotifers

Question 21

what is a pseudocoelomate?

Answer 21

body cavity not completely lined with mesoderm

Question 22

what are eucoelomates?

Answer 22

have a true body cavity

Question 23

what are protostomes?

Answer 23

mouth develops first

Question 24

what are deuterostomes?

Answer 24

anus develops first

Question 25

what 2 clades of protostomes exist?

Answer 25

lophotrochozoans and ecdysozoans

Question 26

list the 3 differences between protostomes and deuterostomes

Answer 26

1. protostome mouth develops first, deuterostome anus develops first
2. protostome cell fates are determinate, deuterostome cell fates are indeterminate
3. protostomes develop in a spiral cleavage pattern, deuterostomes develop in a radial cleavage pattern

Question 27

list the main difference between invertebrates and vertebrates

Answer 27

invertebrates lack an internal structural framework, have a completely soft body or exoskeleton, vertebrates possess and internal framework, or endoskeleton

Question 28

are most animal vertebrates or invertebrates?

Answer 28

invertebrates