Chapter 27 Flashcards
list the 3 domains
archae, bacteria, eukarya
list the 4 kingdoms in domain eukarya
Portista, Plantae, Fungi, Animalia
what are animals, based on how the get nutrients?
consumers or heterotrophs
list the 3 major characteristics that all animals share
- multicellular
- cells without cell walls
- mobility at some point during life
what are tissues?
group of cells of the same/similar type working together to perform a particular function
what are Hox genes?
responsible for organizing body plan, master genes that can turn on or off large numbers of other genes, homologous in the animal kingdom
how is kingdom animalia (metazoans) divided based on presence or absence of tissues?
into 3 major clades: placozoa, parazoa, eumetazoa
list the tissue type and symmetry of parazoans and placozoanss
no tissues, no symmetry
list the tissue type of symmetry of the eumetazoans
posses tissues, divided into radiata (radial) and bilateria (bilateral symmetry)
who are the members of radiata?
P. Ctenophora
P. Cnidaria
who are the members of bilateria?
acoleomates, pseudocoleomates, and eucoelomates
is a digestive tract the same as a body cavity?
NOOOO
what are diploblasts?
have 2 tissue layers during early develpment (endoderm and ectoderm)
what are triploblasts?
have 3 tissue layers during early development (endo, meso, and ectoderm)
who are diploblasts?
radiata members only
who are triploblasts?
bilateria members only
list the 3 advantages of bilateral symmetry
- cephalization
- body segmentation
- greater mobility
what is cephalization?
evolutiopn of definite brain area
who are acoelomates?
radiata members, parazoa members, and platyhelminthes
who are pseudocoelomates?
nematodes and rotifers
what is a pseudocoelomate?
body cavity not completely lined with mesoderm
what are eucoelomates?
have a true body cavity
what are protostomes?
mouth develops first
what are deuterostomes?
anus develops first
what 2 clades of protostomes exist?
lophotrochozoans and ecdysozoans
list the 3 differences between protostomes and deuterostomes
- protostome mouth develops first, deuterostome anus develops first
- protostome cell fates are determinate, deuterostome cell fates are indeterminate
- protostomes develop in a spiral cleavage pattern, deuterostomes develop in a radial cleavage pattern
list the main difference between invertebrates and vertebrates
invertebrates lack an internal structural framework, have a completely soft body or exoskeleton, vertebrates possess and internal framework, or endoskeleton
are most animal vertebrates or invertebrates?
invertebrates
