Chapter 29 Flashcards
John Kay & flying shuttle
speeded up the weaving process & stimulated demand for thread
calico acts
Prohibited imports of printed cotton cloth & resticted the sale of calicoes at home. (Calicoes- inexpensive brightly colored textiles from India)
James Watt & steam engine
Burned coal to boil water and create steam, which drove mechanical devices that performed work
John Bessemer & converter
made it possible to produce steel cheaply in large qualities (Bessemer converter)
Edmund Cartwright & power loom
clergyman without training/experience who made water-driven power loom that inaugurated an era of mechanical weaving
George Stephenson & the rocket
built the first steam-powered locomotive. But burned too much coal for use at sea
Luddites
organized bands of English handicraft workers who went on a rampage & destroyed textile machines that they blamed for their low wages and unemployment
Eli Whitney & interchangeable parts
designed machine tools with which unskilled workers made only a particular part that for every musket of the same model
John D. Rockefeller & standard oil
American petroleum producer. Controlled almost all oil drilling, processing, refining, marketing, & distribution in the US
demographic transition
shifting patterns of fertility & mortality beginning in the 1800s
Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels
Most prominent socialists (Held that capitalism divided people into 2 classes: capitalists- owned industrial machinery, & protetariat- wage workers)
Communist Manifesto
spirited tract written by Marx & Engels. Asserted that all human history has been the history of struggle between social classes. Came to dominate socialism
Charles Fourier
Often called a utopian socialist, worked to establish idea communities (along with Robert Owen)
