Chapter 23 Flashcards
Henry VIII
came into conflict w/ the pope of England (because he wouldn’t let him divorce his wife) & made himself supreme head of the Anglican Church
indulgences
a type of pardon that excused individuals from doing penance of their sins & thus facilitated their entrance into heaven
Ignatius Loyola
founder of the society of Jesus. (Basque nobleman & soldier.)
Phillip II
attempted to force England to return to the Roman Catholic Church by sending a Spanish Armada to dethrone the Protestant Queen Elizabeth
Elizabeth I
???
Charles V
inherited authority over Habsburgs’ Austrian domain, duchy of Burgundy, & kingdom of Spain. (Habsburgs-family who dominated Roman Empire.)
Charles I of England
came into disagreement with parliament (Calvinists/puritans). Was captured and beheaded by them
Louis XIV
ruler who best epitomized royal absolutism (know as “the sun king”.)
Versailles
Louis XIV built a magnificent residence and moved his court here. Nobles lived here and he kept an eye on them
Catherine the Great
most able of Peter I’s successors. sought to make Russia a great power. divided her empire into 50 provinces.
Peace of Westphalia
treaty which laid the foundation for a system of independent l, competing states. Made them equal
balance of power
Principle foundation of European diplomacy in early modern times. (Maintained Europe as a land of independent, sovereign states.)
putting out system
Artisans could send unfinished materials to rural households, there they would finish the goods, & entrepreneurs would pay them and pick it up
Adam Smith
Most important of the early apostles of capitalism. Scottish philosopher. Held that society would prosper when individuals pursued their own economic interests.)
Ptolemaic Universe
Motionless earth surrounded by nine spheres that revolved around it
