Chapter 13 (Islam)

Question 0

Islam/Muslim

Answer 0

Muslim- “one who had submitted.” An individual who accepts Islamic faith

Question 1

The 5 pillars of Islam

Answer 1

The foundation of Islam as elaborated by Muhammad

Question 2

Dar-al-Islam

Answer 2

Arabic term that means “house of Islam”

Question 3

Khadija

Answer 3

A woman who Muhammad worked for and later married (first wife)

Question 4

Quran

Answer 4

“Recitation.” A written compilation of Muhammad’s recitations. Holy book of Islam. Communicated Muhammad’s understanding of Allah & his relation to the world

Question 5

Sharia

Answer 5

Islamic holy law, offered detailed guidance on proper behavior in almost every aspect of life.

Question 6

Caliph

Answer 6

“Deputy.” Caliphs led the umma not as prophets but as lieutenants or substitutes for Muhammad

Question 7

Abu Bakr

Answer 7

Genial man who was one of Muhammad’s closest friends & most devoted disciples. SERVED AS CALIPH

Question 8

Shia/Sunni

Answer 8

SHIA: “Party.” Most important alternative to majority of Muslims who observed Sunni.
SUNNIs: “Traditionals.” Accepted the legitimacy of early caliphs.

Question 9

Umayyad dynasty

Answer 9

Temporarily solved the problem of succession. Among the most popular of Meccan clans. Helped bring stability to Islamic community

Question 10

Jizya

Answer 10

A special head tax on those who didn’t convert to Islam

Question 11

Abbasid dynasty

Answer 11

Founded by Abu-al-Abbas. The principle source of authority in the dar-al-Islam until Mongols toppled it in 1258

Question 12

Ulama

Answer 12

“People with religious knowledge.” Set moral standards & resolved disputes in local communities.

Question 13

Saljuq Turks

Answer 13

Nomadic people from Central Asia who also invaded Byzantine empire.

Question 14

Caravanserai

Answer 14

Inns offering lodging for caravan merchants as well as food, water, and care for their animals

Question 15

umma

Answer 15

“Community of the faithful.” A cohesive community

Question 16

Jihad

Answer 16

Additional obligation; “struggle.” Combat vice and evil

Question 17

Ali

Answer 17

A cousin and son in law of Muhammad. Candidate for caliph, but support for Abu Bakr was stronger (Ali lost)

Question 18

Abu-al-Abbas

Answer 18

Chief leader of rebellion that brought Umayyad dynasty to an end. A descendant of Muhammad’s uncle. FOUNDED THE ABASSID DYNASTY

Question 19

Baghdad

Answer 19

A magnificent new city that the early Abassid caliphs constructed near the Sassanid capital of Ctesiphon

Question 20

Al-Andalus

Answer 20

The prosperity of Islamic Spain; illustrated the far-reaching effects of long-distance trade during the Abassid era

Question 21

Qadis

Answer 21

“Judges.” Set moral standards in local communities and resolved disputes along with the Ulama

Question 22

Madrasas

Answer 22

Institutions for higher education who Muslim rulers supported because of administrative position potential.

Question 23

Sufis

Answer 23

Among the most effective Islamic missionaries who were mystics

Question 24

Hajj

Answer 24

Holy pilgrimage to Mecca

Question 25

Al-Ghazali

Answer 25

Most important of the early Sufis; Persian theologian

Question 26

Ibn Rushd

Answer 26

Qadi of Seville in Córdoba. Most notable figure in turning attention to Plato & Aristottle