Chapter 13 (Islam) Flashcards
Islam/Muslim
Muslim- “one who had submitted.” An individual who accepts Islamic faith
The 5 pillars of Islam
The foundation of Islam as elaborated by Muhammad
Dar-al-Islam
Arabic term that means “house of Islam”
Khadija
A woman who Muhammad worked for and later married (first wife)
Quran
“Recitation.” A written compilation of Muhammad’s recitations. Holy book of Islam. Communicated Muhammad’s understanding of Allah & his relation to the world
Sharia
Islamic holy law, offered detailed guidance on proper behavior in almost every aspect of life.
Caliph
“Deputy.” Caliphs led the umma not as prophets but as lieutenants or substitutes for Muhammad
Abu Bakr
Genial man who was one of Muhammad’s closest friends & most devoted disciples. SERVED AS CALIPH
Shia/Sunni
SHIA: “Party.” Most important alternative to majority of Muslims who observed Sunni.
SUNNIs: “Traditionals.” Accepted the legitimacy of early caliphs.
Umayyad dynasty
Temporarily solved the problem of succession. Among the most popular of Meccan clans. Helped bring stability to Islamic community
Jizya
A special head tax on those who didn’t convert to Islam
Abbasid dynasty
Founded by Abu-al-Abbas. The principle source of authority in the dar-al-Islam until Mongols toppled it in 1258
Ulama
“People with religious knowledge.” Set moral standards & resolved disputes in local communities.
Saljuq Turks
Nomadic people from Central Asia who also invaded Byzantine empire.
Caravanserai
Inns offering lodging for caravan merchants as well as food, water, and care for their animals
umma
“Community of the faithful.” A cohesive community
Jihad
Additional obligation; “struggle.” Combat vice and evil
Ali
A cousin and son in law of Muhammad. Candidate for caliph, but support for Abu Bakr was stronger (Ali lost)
Abu-al-Abbas
Chief leader of rebellion that brought Umayyad dynasty to an end. A descendant of Muhammad’s uncle. FOUNDED THE ABASSID DYNASTY
Baghdad
A magnificent new city that the early Abassid caliphs constructed near the Sassanid capital of Ctesiphon
Al-Andalus
The prosperity of Islamic Spain; illustrated the far-reaching effects of long-distance trade during the Abassid era
Qadis
“Judges.” Set moral standards in local communities and resolved disputes along with the Ulama
Madrasas
Institutions for higher education who Muslim rulers supported because of administrative position potential.
Sufis
Among the most effective Islamic missionaries who were mystics
Hajj
Holy pilgrimage to Mecca
Al-Ghazali
Most important of the early Sufis; Persian theologian
Ibn Rushd
Qadi of Seville in Córdoba. Most notable figure in turning attention to Plato & Aristottle
