chapter 28 Flashcards
John Locke
English philosopher who formulated one of the most influential theories of contractual government. “Second Treatise of Civil Government.”
Olympe de Gouges
Won fame as a journalist, actress, & playwright. Also a revolutionary & a strong advocate of woman’s rights
Jean-Jacques Rosseau
Most prominent advocate of political equality; French-Swiss thinker. “The social contract”- his influential book
Ancien régime
French revolutionary leaders repudiated existing society (“old order”).
Estates General
an assembly that represented the entire French population through groups known as estates
Maximilien Robespierre
Emerged during the revolution as a ruthless but popular radical. Dominated the committee of public safety- the executive authority of a republic.
the Directory
an institution in which a group of conservative men of property seized power & ruled France under it (the institution)
Creoles
Euro-Americans who sought to displace the penninsulares but retain their privileged position in society
Edmund Burke
English political philosopher who held that society was a compact between people’s ancestors, present generation, & descendants. Condemned revolutionary change
William Wilberforce
Leading spokesman in the anti-slavery movement. Elected in 1708 to seat in parliament
John Stuart Mill
Most prominent exponent of early liberalism. Promoted freedom of individuals to persue economic and intellectual interests
Theodore Herzl
Jewish journalist who published the pamphlet Judenstaat (argued that the only defense against anti-semitism lay in the mass migration of Jews to a land they call their own)
Klemens von Matternich
Influential foreign minister of Austria who guided the congress of Vienna in dismantling
Napoleon’s empire
Otto Von Bismark
King Wilhelm I of Prussia appointed him as his prime minister. Reformed and expanded the Prussian army
Giuseppe Mazzini
Nationalist activist who formed a group called Young Italy that promoted independence from Austrian & Spanish rule
