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Physical Science > Chapter 29 > Flashcards

Chapter 29 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a sphere ?

A

A round, three - dimensional object, the surface of which is the same distance from the center in all directions.

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2
Q

What is a ellipse ?

A

Is an elongated, closed two foci

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3
Q

How can you tell that the Earth is a sphere ?

A
  1. People in different places see different stars
  2. Earth’s shadow on the moon during lunar eclipse is always curved
  3. Objects fall straight down to the surface as if they are falling toward the center of a sphere
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4
Q

What are two factors that affect the gravitational pull ?

A

Mass and distance of an object

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5
Q

What is the longest distance of Earth ? Pole to Pole or the Equator ?

A

26 miles

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6
Q

What does the magnetic field protect Earth from ?

A

Harmful Solar Radiation

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7
Q

Which magnetic pole is located in the Northern Hemisphere ?

A

South Magnetic Pole

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8
Q

Which magnetic pole is located in the Southern Hemisphere ?

A

Northern Hemisphere

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9
Q

At what degrees is Earth’s axis tilted ?

A

11.7 degrees

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10
Q

Can magnetic poles flip - flop ?

A

Yes

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11
Q

What are the large - scale movements called when the magnetic poles flip ?

A

Magnetic Reversals

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12
Q

How often do magnetic reversals occur ?

A

200,000 years

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13
Q

When did the last magnetic reversal happen ?

A

780,000 years ago

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14
Q

Within Earth’s magnetic field what reflects solar radiation ?

A

Magnetosphere

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15
Q

What are the scientific names for the Northern and Southern lights ?

A

Aurora Borealis and the Aurora Australis

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16
Q

How are the auroras created ?

A

Electrically - charged particles collide with atoms in the atmosphere and emit light

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17
Q

Which month is Earth closest to the sun ?

A

January

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18
Q

When is the Earth the farthest away from the sun ?

A

July

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19
Q

What is a time zone ?

A

An area 15 degrees wide in which the time is the same

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20
Q

What is a rotation ?

A

The spinning of Earth on its axis

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21
Q

What is a revolution ?

A

The motion of Earth in an elliptical orbit around the sun

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22
Q

What is the ecliptic ?

A

The plane of Earth’s orbit around the Sun

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23
Q

What is a solstice ?

A

Occurs when Earth’s rotational axis is tilted directly toward the Sun or away from the Sun

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24
Q

What is an equinox ?

A

When Earth’s rotational axis is perpendicular to a line drawn from the center of Earth to the center of the Sun

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25
Who devised a method of timekeeping around 3000 B.C. ?
The Babylonians
26
What was the symbol for degree taken from ?
The symbol for degrees was taken from the Babylonian symbol for the sun
27
How many degrees does the Earth spin in one day ?
360 degrees
28
How many hours does it take the Earth to make one full rotation ?
24 hours
29
How many degrees does the Earth spin in one hour ?
15 degrees
30
What direction does the sun rise ?
East
31
What direction does the sun set ?
West
32
True or False. All time zones are the exact same size ?
False, they are all modified to fit around cities,states, and country borders, and other key sites.
33
How many time zones are there in the world ?
24 zones
34
How many time zones are there in the United States ?
6 zones
35
What are the names of the time zones ?
Pacific Time, Mediterranean Time, Atlantic/Alaskan Timezone, Central Timezone, Eastern Timezone, and Hawaiian Timezone
36
Which direction do you move to add hours to the time ?
East
37
Which direction do you move to subtract hours from the time ?
West
38
What is a solar day ?
The apparent movement of the Sun from noon one day until noon the next day
39
What is a sidereal day ?
When you see a star one day and see that exact same star the next day
40
What are the two main reasons for seasons ?
Due to the tilt of the axis and the Revolution
41
Which 2 seasons have a solstice ?
Winter and Summer
42
Which month is the summer solstice ?
June 21st
43
Which month is the winter solstice ?
December 21st
44
Which two season are equinoxes ?
Spring and Fall
45
Which month is the spring equinox ?
March
46
Which month is the fall equinox ?
September 22nd or 23rd
47
When is the longest day of the year ?
June 21st
48
When is the shortest day of the year ?
December 21st
49
When are the days almost 12 hours of day and 12 hours of night ?
March 21st or 22nd and September 22nd or 23rd
50
What are tides ?
A rise of fall in the ocean surface
51
What is a solar eclipse ?
When the Moon moves directly between the Sun and Earth and casts a shadow on the Earth
52
What is a lunar eclipse ?
When Earth passes between the Sun and the Moon and casts a shadow on the Moon
53
What is Maria ?
The dark - colored, flat, lave - filled regions on the Moon's surface
54
What is a Regolith ?
A layer of dusty lunar material produced by collisions between asteroids and comets and the Moon
55
What is a moon phase ?
The change in appearance of the Moon as seen from Earth
56
How many days does it take the moon to revolve around Earth ?
27.3 days
57
A complete lunar phase cycle takes 29.5 days, what is the called ?
Also called a synodic month
58
Do we ever see the back side of the moon ?
No
59
What causes a tide to rise or fall ?
The gravitational pulls of the Sun and the Moon
60
What is the rise of sea level called ?
High Tide
61
After the sea level rises how many hours does it take for the sea level to drop ?
Six hours
62
Which is father from Earth, the sun or the moon ?
The Sun
63
Does the moon or the sun cause a greater effect on Earth's tides ?
The Moon
64
How are the sun, the earth, and the moon aligned for a spring tide ?
The sun, the earth, and the moon are in a straight line
65
How are the sun, the earth, and the moon aligned for a neap tide ?
In a 90 degree angle
66
What does the phase of the moon you see depend on ?
Depends on the positions of the Moon, Earth, and the Sun relative to one other
67
When does a new moon occur ?
When the Moon is between the Earth and the Sun
68
How many phases of the moon are there ?
Eight phases
69
What is the definition of waxing phases ?
The illuminated portion that we see appears larger each night
70
What is the definition of waning phases ?
The illuminated portion
71
What are the moon phase names ?
New Moon, Waxing Crescent, 1st Quarter, Waxing Gibbous, Full, Waning Gibbous, 3rd Quarter, Waning Crescent
72
Where is the word month derived from ?
Derived from the same root word as Moon
73
How is the earth moon, and sun aligned during a solar eclipse ?
The moon is in between the sin and the Earth Sun, Moon, Earth
74
What is an umbra ?
The darkest portion of the Moon's shadow
75
What is a penumbra ?
A partial eclipse
76
How is the earth, moon, and sun aligned during a lunar eclipse ?
When the Earth is between the Sun and the Moon Sun, Earth Moon
77
How are the depressions on the moon formed ?
Meteors, Comets, and Asteroids crash into the moon causing depressions and craters on the moon to form
78
Are there mountains on the moon ?
Yes
79
Which side of the moon is thicker ?
The one away from us | The Dark Side of the Moon
80
Is the mantle of the moon a solid or a liquid ?
81
What did the Clementine spacecraft do ?
Info on the mineral content of the moon rocks and the thickness of the crust
82
What did the Lunar Prospector do ?
Took photographs of the surface of the moon and confirmed that the Moon has a small iron - rich core Collected presence of the ice/water on the Moon
83
What is the Giant Impact Theory ?
The Moon formed about 4.6 billion years ago when a Mars - sized object collided with Earth

Physical Science (6 decks)

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