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Physical Science > Chapter 25 > Flashcards

Chapter 25 Flashcards

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1
Q

A system of mountain ranges on the seafloor separated by valleys

A

Mid - Ocean Ridge

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2
Q

A long, narrow depression, which forms in between peaks along the mid - ocean range.

A

Rift Valley

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3
Q

The boundary where two plates collide

A

Convergent Plate Boundary

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4
Q

When a thick and buoyant continental plate meets a thin and dense oceanic plate, causing the denser plate dives beneath the continent

A

Subduction

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5
Q

When two plates move apart along a mid - ocean range, the boundary between the two moving plates

A

Divergent Plate Boundary

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6
Q

A type of boundary where plate slide horizontally past each other in opposite directions

A

Transform Plate Boundary

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7
Q

The sudden movement or vibration of the ground that occurs when rocks slip and slide along enormous cracks in Earth´s crust called faults

A

Earthquake

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8
Q

A crack in Earth´s crust along which rock has moved

A

Fault

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9
Q

The sudden release of strain energy as rock moves along a fault

A

Elastic Rebound

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10
Q

The point of origin for an earthquake

A

Focus

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11
Q

The point on which Earth´s surface directly above the focus

A

Epicenter

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12
Q

Who came up with they theory of Continental Drift ?

A

Alfred Wegener

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13
Q

What is some evidence that supports the hypothesis for Continental Drift ?

A
  1. Some evidence that supports the hypothesis would be that Wegener observed that the eastern coastline of South America fit toghether with the western coastline of Africa.
  2. Wegener also found that you could match rock types and fossils found in mountain ranges together.
  3. Found similar formations and structures on each continent
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14
Q

What was the super continent called ?

A

Pangaea

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15
Q

Who came up with the Seafloor Spreading Hypothesis ?

A

Harry Hess

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16
Q

How did Harry Hess discover seafloor spreading ?

A

Harry Hess used sonar to develop three-dimensional maps of the seafloor which helped him find out about seafloor spreading.

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17
Q

Who discovered the Mid - Ocean Ridge ?

A

Harry Hess also discovered the the Mid - Ocean Ridge (MOR) and, it was a continuous mountain range that wrapped around the Earth

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18
Q

One the ocean floor where is the newer rock formed ?

A

The newer rock is formed closer to the Mid - Oceanic Ridge (MOR)

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19
Q

What are the the types of plate boundaries ?

A

There are three types of plate boundaries which are :

  1. Divergent
  2. Convergent
  3. Transform
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20
Q

How do convergent plate boundaries move ?

A

Convergent plate boundaries move by colliding into each other

21
Q

Subduction only occurs with which type of plate boundary ?

A

Convergent boundaries

22
Q

What types of crust do we have ?

A

Oceanic Crust and the Continental Crust

23
Q

Which type of crust has to be present for volcanic activity to occur ?

A

Oceanic Crust

24
Q

If two continental crust converge what will be created ?

A

Mountains/Mountain Range

25
Q

If a Oceanic and a Continental crust plate converge than what two land forms can be created ?

A

Deep Sea Trenches and Volcanoes

26
Q

What can be created when two Oceanic plates come together ?

A

Volcanic islands called island arcs

27
Q

How do divergent plate boundaries move ?

A

By moving apart from each other

28
Q

What is an example of a divergent plate boundary ?

A

The Mid - Oceanic Range (only oceanic crust) and the East African Rift (only continental crust) are examples of divergent plate boundaries.

29
Q

How do transform plate boundaries move ?

A

Transform plate boundaries move by sliding past each other.

30
Q

What is an example of a transform plate boundary ?

A

San Andres Fault

31
Q

What type of crusts are involved in transform plate boundaries ?

A

Only Continental

32
Q

What is an earthquake ?

A

The sudden movement or vibration of the ground that occurs when rocks slip and slide

33
Q

Which plate boundaries have shallow earthquakes ?

A

Divergent and Transform plate boundaries

34
Q

Which plate boundary has the deepest earthquakes ?

A

Convergent plate boundaries

35
Q

What types of stress are applied to rocks that cause earthquakes ?

A
  1. Compression Stress
  2. Tension Stress
  3. Shear Stress
  4. Torsion Stress
36
Q

What are the two types of deformation ?

A

Elastic Deformation and Plastic Deformation

37
Q

What happens during Elastic Deformation ?

A

When a object deforms as stress is applied but returns to its original shape when the stress is removed

38
Q

What happens during Plastic Deformation ?

A

When a object deforms as stress is applied but will remain in its new shape once the stress is removed

39
Q

How many types of Seismic waves are there ?

A

There is three different types of Seismic waves

40
Q

What are the three types of Seismic Waves

A
  1. Primary Waves (P - waves)
  2. Secondary Waves (S- waves)
  3. Surface Waves
41
Q

What are the two types of body waves ?

A

Primary Waves and Secondary Waves

42
Q

What type of wave is a Primary Wave

A

A Compression Wave

43
Q

Which body wave moves the fastest ?

A

Primary Waves

44
Q

What type of materials do P - Waves travel through ?

A

Solids and Liquids

45
Q

What type of material do Secondary Waves travel though ?

A

Solids

46
Q

What type of waves do the most damage ?

A

Surface waves because they can exhibit an up and down rolling motion, and also a side - to - side motion

47
Q

What are the two scales to measure earthquakes ?

A

Richter scale and the Mercalli Scale

48
Q

What does the Richter Scale measure ?

A

The amount of energy released during an earthquake

49
Q

What does the Mercalli scale measure ?

A

The Mercalli scale measures the amount of damage caused by earthquakes

Physical Science (6 decks)

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