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Physical Science > Chapter 28 > Flashcards

Chapter 28 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the troposphere ?

A

A layer extending an average of 12 km above Earth’s surface

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2
Q

What is temperature inversion ?

A

When air temperature increases with altitude and air becomes stable

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3
Q

What is the greenhouse effect ?

A

A natural process in which certain gases in the atmosphere warm a planet as they absorb and emit infrared radiation.

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4
Q

How are the atmospheric layers divided ?

A

Based on differences in composition and temperature

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5
Q

What gas makes up the majority of the atmosphere ?

A

Nitrogen

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6
Q

What gas makes up 21 percent of the atmosphere ?

A

Oxygen

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7
Q

What is the remaining 1 percent of gases in the atmosphere ?

A

Trace gases majority is Argon

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8
Q

What is ozone layer ?

A

The ozone layer absorbs harmful radiation from the sun

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9
Q

In the Troposphere does temperature decrease or increase with altitude ?

A

Decreases

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10
Q

How many layers are there in the Earth’s atmosphere ?

A

Five

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11
Q

What are the name of the atmospheric layers closed to Earth’s surface to farthest to Earth’s surface ?

A

Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere, Exosphere

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12
Q

What layers is the ozone layer found in ?

A

Stratosphere

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13
Q

In the mesosphere does the temperature increase or decrease with altitude ?

A

Decrease

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14
Q

Does the thermosphere and exosphere affect the weather ?

A

No

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15
Q

Where does 100 percent of our solar radiation come from ?

A

Sun

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16
Q

How much of solar radiation is absorbed by the Earth’s surface ?

A

50 percent

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17
Q

How much solar radiation is reflected by the land and sea surface ?

A

5 percent

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18
Q

How much solar radiation is absorbed by particles in the atmosphere ?

A

20 percent

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19
Q

How much solar radiation is reflected back by the could and other particles in the atmosphere ?

A

25 percent

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20
Q

What are the three basic cloud types ?

A

Stratus, Cumulus, Cirrus

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21
Q

Describe Stratus clouds

A

Layered, Sheet - like clouds associated with rain

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22
Q

Describe Cumulus Clouds

A

Puffy in shape and occur in fair weather

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23
Q

Describe Cirrus clouds

A

Wispy, High - Altitude clouds

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24
Q

What are the steps of the water cycle ?

A

Evaporation, Condensation, Transpiration, Precipitation, Runoff, and Infiltration

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25
Q

What is a jet stream ?

A

A narrow band of fast - moving, high - altitude air

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26
Q

What is the Coriolis effect ?

A

The apparent deflection of an object due to Earth’s rotation

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27
Q

What are weather fronts ?

A

Air masses that interact in zones

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28
Q

What is an air mass ?

A

A large volume of air with uniform moisture and temperature throughout

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29
Q

How many jet streams are there in the world ?

A

There are four

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30
Q

How many pressure systems are there ?

A

There are two pressure systems

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31
Q

What is a low pressure system also known as ?

A

L

32
Q

Which was does the air flow for a low pressure system ?

A

Counterclockwise

33
Q

What are the results of a low pressure system ?

A

Causes air to rise, which results in cloud formation and precipitation

34
Q

What is a high pressure system known as ?

A

H

35
Q

What direction does a high pressure system rotate ?

A

Air flows clockwise

36
Q

What is the results of a high pressure system ?

A

Causes the air to sink, which results in clear skies

37
Q

What are the four types of weather fronts ?

A

Cold, Warm, Stationary, and Occluded Fronts

38
Q

What is a cold front ?

A

Cold air forces warm air upward in a fast and chaotic manner

39
Q

How is a cold front represented on a weather forecast ?

A

By Blue Triangles

40
Q

How are warm fronts created ?

A

Warm air rises gently above cold air

41
Q

How are warm fronts represented on a weather forecast ?

A

Red semi circles

42
Q

How are stationary fronts created ?

A

Cold and warm air masses meet and neither front advances, can last for days producing clouds and prolonged precipitation

43
Q

How are stationary fronts represented on a weather forecast ?

A

Red semicircles and blue triangles

44
Q

How are occluded fronts created ?

A

A fast - moving cold front overtakes a slow warm front

45
Q

How are occluded fronts represented on a weather forecast ?

A

Purple triangles and semi circles

46
Q

Maritime Climate

A

A climate that is strongly affected by an ocean

47
Q

Continental Climate

A

A climate that is not directly affected by an ocean

48
Q

Sea Breeze

A

Blows from over the water toward land in the afternoon when the land is warmer than the ocean

49
Q

What is weather ?

A

Are the day to day outside conditions.

50
Q

What are the five spheres of Earth’s system ?

A

Atmosphere, Cryosphere, Lithosphere, Hydrosphere, Biosphere

51
Q

What is the atmosphere ?

A

The air around us

52
Q

What is the biosphere ?

A

Everything organic

53
Q

What is like hydrosphere ?

A

Everything that is liquid water

54
Q

What is cryosphere ?

A

Everything that is frozen water like in snow ice and glaciers

55
Q

What is the lithosphere ?

A

Earth’s outermost layer

56
Q

What is the primary factor that influences climate at a given location ?

A

Latitude

57
Q

Where is solar radiation most intense on Earth’s surface ?

A

Equator

58
Q

At what angle degree does the sun rays hit the tropical area ?

A

90 degrees

59
Q

At what angle does the sun rays hit the temperature ?

A

45 degrees

60
Q

At what angle does the sun rays hit the pole ?

A

30 degrees

61
Q

What other factors determine climate >

A

Precipitation, mountains, and bodies of water

62
Q

On windward side are the conditions ?

A

Cool, wet, and a lot of vegetation

63
Q

What are the conditions of the leeward side ?

A

Dry, not a lot of vegetation and warm

64
Q

What is land breeze ?

A

It happens at night, the wind comes from the land to the water

65
Q

What type of climate zone and vegetation does Lamar have ?

A

Warm semi - arid and grassland

66
Q

Global Warming

A

An increase in the average temperatures of the Earth’s near - surface air and ocean

67
Q

El nino

A

The warming of the Pacific Ocean off the coast of western South America that occurs 3 to 10 years.

68
Q

La nina

A

When trade winds in the Pacific are unusually strong and surface water is colder than normal.

69
Q

What are the two changes that Earth’s climate undergoes ?

A

Seasonal and Long term

70
Q

When we are in summer time are we closer or further away or closer to the sun ?

A

Away

71
Q

Which hemisphere experiences summer ?

A

The hemisphere tilted toward the sun

72
Q

What is the period in which most of the Earth’s surface is covered in ice ?

A

Ice Age

73
Q

How long ago did the world’s climate reach its current state ?

A

3,000 years ago

74
Q

What are some factors could cause a climate change ?

A

If there was a change in the Earth’s axis, a change in the shape of the orbit, and the distance from the sun

75
Q

What are some human factors that can change climate ?

A

Pollution, Energy Consumption, Deforestation,

76
Q

What is deforestation ?

A

The clearing of large areas of forest land

Physical Science (6 decks)

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