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Physical Science > Chapter 26 > Flashcards

Chapter 26 Flashcards

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1
Q

A naturally occurring inorganic solid with a crystalline form

A

Mineral

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2
Q

The color of a mineral in powdered form

A

Streak

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3
Q

When a mineral breaks along preferred planes of weakness creating sets of smooth parallel side

A

Cleavage

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4
Q

Minerals that break with irregular surfaces

A

Fracture

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5
Q

The physical property that measures a mineral’s resistance to scratching

A

Hardness

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6
Q

Molten rock material inside the Earth

A

Magma

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7
Q

A mineral is ?

A

A naturally occurring inorganic solid with a crystalline form

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8
Q

What are the two most abundant elements that make up Earth’s crust ?

A

Oxygen and Silicone

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9
Q

What does inorganic mean ?

A

That an object is not living

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10
Q

What does the arrangement of an atom and the bonds between them reflect about a mineral ?

A

The way a mineral breaks, how hard it is, and what type of of crystal shape it has

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11
Q

What are all of the ways to identify minerals ?

A

Luster, Streak, Cleavage, Fracture, Hardness, Atomic Arrangement, and Crystal Shape

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12
Q

What are the two types of luster ?

A

Metallic and Nonmetallic

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13
Q

How does metallic luster reflect light ?

A

The same way as a metal surface will

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14
Q

How does nonmetallic luster reflect light ?

A

They shine like glass or appear earthy or waxy

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15
Q

How do you perform a streak test ?

A

By rubbing a material on an unglazed, white porcelain tile

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16
Q

What are the two types of breakage that can happen to minerals ?

A

Cleavage and Fracture

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17
Q

What is the name of the scale to measure the hardness of a mineral ?

A

Mohs Scale

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18
Q

What is the number range on the Mohs Scale of Hardness ?

A

1 - 10

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19
Q

How many different crystal shape systems are there ?

A

Six

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20
Q

Minerals grow from the _______.

A
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21
Q

What are the three ways minerals can form ?

A

Hot Water, Molten Rock, Evaporation

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22
Q

What are the two mineral groups ?

A

Silicates and Non silicates

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23
Q

Which mineral group is the most abundant in Earth’s crust ?

A

Silicates

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24
Q

What elements are Silicates made up of ?

A
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25
Q

Non silicates do not contain what element ?

A

=

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26
Q

What mineral is used to make glass ?

A

Quartz

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27
Q

What is a rock ?

A

A naturally formed mixture containing minerals, rock fragments, and volcanic glass.

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28
Q

How are rocks identified ?

A

By their composition and texture

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29
Q

What does the texture of a rock describe about a rock ?

A

The size, shape, and arrangement of the rock’s components

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30
Q

Where do intrusive rocks form ?

A

Within Earth’s crust

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31
Q

What type of molten rock does intrusive igneous rocks form from ?

A

Magma

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32
Q

What is the name of the series that illustrates simultaneous crystallization of silicate minerals ?

A

Bowen’s Reaction Series

33
Q

What are the three types of magma ?

A

Mafic, Intermediate, Felsic

34
Q

Which magma type has a low silica content ?

A

Mafic

35
Q

Which magma type has a high silica content ?

A

Felsic

36
Q

Which type of crust an abundant amount of quartz ?

A

Continental Crust

37
Q

What type of crust has little to no quartz ?

A

Oceanic

38
Q

Which type of igneous rock has a coarse grained texture ?

A

Intrusive Igneous Rock

39
Q

Which type of igneous rock has a fine grained texture ?

A

Extrusive Igneous Rock

40
Q

Do fine grained rocks cool slowly or quickly ?

A

Quickly

41
Q

What are the two specific texture types for extrusive igneous rock ?

A

Vesicular and Porphyritic

42
Q

Which texture is the type with the holes left behind because of rapid cooling ?

A

Vesicular

43
Q

Which texture is the type with two different crystal sizes because of different cooling rates ?

A

Porphyritic

44
Q

What type of rock has a vesicular texture ?

A

Pumice and Scoria

45
Q

What are clasts ?

A

Small rocks and mineral fragments

46
Q

What types of erosion are rocks on Earth’s surface exposed to?

A

Weathering

47
Q

What does it mean if clasts are being transported?

A

When clasts are being mechanically weathered and move to a new locaation

48
Q

What does it mean if clasts are being deposited?

A

It means that the clasts are no longer moving or being mechanically weathered

49
Q

What is pore space?

A

The empty space between the grains.

50
Q

What is compaction?

A

The process in which clasts stick together due to the weight of overlying material

51
Q

What is cementation?

A

When minerals slowly precipitate out of water solution and crystallize in the spaces between the clasts

52
Q

How are sedimentary rocks formed?

A

Due to the compaction and cementation

53
Q

What is another name for clasts?

A

Detritus

54
Q

What are the sedimentary rocks called that are mostly made of clasts?

A

Detrital sedimentary rock

55
Q

What is another name for clasts?

A
56
Q

What is the decreasing size of clasts ?

A

gravel,sand,silt, and clay

57
Q

Which clast size would be deposited first ?

A

Gravel

58
Q

What are four common detrital sedimentary rocks ?

A

gravel,sand,silt, and clay

59
Q

How are chemical sedimentary rocks formed ?

A

Form from water that contains dissolved solids

60
Q

If sedimentary rocks contain the remains of living organisms what are the called ?

A

Biochemical sedimentary rocks

61
Q

What are two common biochemical sedimentary rocks ?

A

Coal and Limestone

62
Q

What are the three types of sedimentary rock ?

A

Biochemical sedimentary rock
Chemical sedimentary rock
Detrital sedimentary rock

63
Q

Metamorphic rock is changed by a combination of which three things ?

A

Heat, Pressure, and Chemical Reactions

64
Q

Which types of rocks can be ch

A

Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic Rock

65
Q

What is it called when metamorphic changes in rocks occur over large areas ?

A

Regional Metamorphism

66
Q

What is it called when metamorphic changes in rocks occur over small areas ?

A

Contact Metamorphism

67
Q

When the shale is compressed, which type of metamorphic rock is created ?

A

Slate

68
Q

What are the two types of metamorphic rock textures ?

A

Foliated and Nonfoliated

69
Q

What is foliated texture ?

A

Rocks have crystals that are arranged in layers and bands

70
Q

What is Nonfoliated texture ?

A

Rocks that have crystals with more random orientation

71
Q

Metamorphic rocks are mainly classified based on what two things ?

A

Texture and Composition

72
Q

What is the Rock Cycle ?

A

The continual changing of rocks from one type to another

73
Q

Which types of rocks are part of the rock cycle ?

A

Sedimentary Rock, Igneous Rock, Metamorphic Rock

74
Q

What are the three types of rocks ?

A

Metamorphic Rock, Igneous Rock, and Sedimentary rock

75
Q

Which types of rocks form from molten rock ?

A

Igneous Rock

76
Q

Which types of rocks are formed from clasts, precipitation, or compressed once living matter ?

A

Biochemical and Sedimentary Rock

77
Q

Which types of rocks are formed from heat, pressure, and chemical reactions ?

A

Metamorphic Rock

78
Q

What can form from hot water, evaporation, or molten rock ?

A

Minerals

Physical Science (6 decks)

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