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Physical Science > Chapter 29 > Flashcards

Chapter 29 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Sphere

A

A round three dimensional object where the surface is an equal distance from the center in all directions.

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2
Q

Ellipse

A

An elongated, closed curve with two foci (Focuses).

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3
Q

Is the Earth a perfect sphere?

A

No. The diameter is longer than pole to pole.

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4
Q

What are some ancient observations that prove Earth is a sphere?

A

Any object that falls, falls straight down. The shadow on the moon during a lunar eclipse is round. If the Earth were flat, everyone on Earth would see the same stars.

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5
Q

What are two factors that affect gravitational strength?

A

The mass of an object and the distance between them.

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6
Q

Which diameter is longer than the other?

A

The diameter from pole to pole is longer than the diameter of the equator.

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7
Q

What does the magnetic field protect Earth from?

A

Harmful radiation from the sun.

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8
Q

What does the magnetic field protect Earth from?

A

Harmful radiation from the sun.

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9
Q

Which hemisphere is the south magnetic pole located in?

A

Northern hemisphere.

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10
Q

Which hemisphere is the north magnetic pole located in?

A

Southern hemisphere.

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11
Q

What degrees does the Earth tilt at?

A

11.7 degrees

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12
Q

Can the magnetic poles change?

A

Yes, they can.

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13
Q

What is the name of the large scale movements when the magnetic poles switch?

A

Magnetic reversals.

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14
Q

When do the magnetic reversals occcur?

A

Every 200,000 years.

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15
Q

When was the last time the poles flipped?

A

80,000 years ago.

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16
Q

Which part of the Earth’s magnetic field deflects harmful radiation from the sun?

A

Earth’s magnetic field.

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17
Q

What are the two scientific names for the Northern and Southern lights.

A

Aurora Borealis and Aurora Australis.

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18
Q

How are the Aurora’s created?

A

Electrically charged particles from the sun and atoms collide in the atmosphere causing lights.

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19
Q

When is Earth closet to the sun?

A

Early January and it is about 147 million kilometers away.

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20
Q

When is Earth farthest away from the sun?

A

Early July and it is about 152 million kilometers away.

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21
Q

Time Zone

A

An area 15 degrees wide where time is the same.

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22
Q

Rotation

A

The spinning of Earth on it’s axis an imaginary line running from North to South pole.

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23
Q

Revolution

A

The motion of Earth in an elliptical orbit around the sun.

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24
Q

Ecliptic

A

The plane of Earth’s orbit around the sun.

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25
Q

Solstice

A

When Earth’s rotational axis is tilted directly toward the sun or away from the sun.

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26
Q

Equinox

A

Earth’s rotational axis is perpendicular from the center of Earth to the center of the sun.

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27
Q

Ẃho devised a method of timekeeping around 3000 B.C.?

A

The Babylonians.

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28
Q

What was the symbol for degree taken from?

A

The sun.

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29
Q

How many degrees does the earth spin in one day?

A

360 degrees.

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30
Q

How many hours does it take the earth to make one full rotation?

A

24 hours generally but specifically 23 hours, 56 minutes, and 4 minutes.

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31
Q

How many degrees does the earth spin in one hour?

A

15 degrees.

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32
Q

What direction does the sun rise?

A

The East.

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33
Q

What direction does the sun set?

A

The West.

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34
Q

True or false. All time zones are the exact same size.

A

False, they are modified to fit around cities, states, and country borders as well as other key sites.

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35
Q

How many time zones are there in the world?

A

Twenty four time zones.

36
Q

Which direction do you move to add hours to the time?

A

East.

37
Q

Which direction would you move to subtract hours from the time?

A

West.

38
Q

How many time zones are there in the United states?

A

Six time zones.

39
Q

What are the names of the time zones?

A

Atlantic/Alaskan time, Pacific time, Mountain time, Eastern time, and Hawaiian time.

40
Q

What is a solar day?

A

The movement of the sun from noon one day to noon the next day.

41
Q

What is a sidereal day?

A

The time from one star to the next day it appears.

42
Q

What are the two main reasons for seasons?

A

The tilt of the axis and the revolution around the sun.

43
Q

What two seasons have equinoxes?

A

Summer and Winter.

44
Q

Which month is the summer solstice?

A

June 21.

45
Q

Which month is the winter solstice?

A

December 21.

46
Q

Which two seasons are equinoxes?

A

Spring and Fall.

47
Q

Which month is the spring equinox?

A

March 20th or 21st.

48
Q

Which month is the fall equinox?

A

September 22nd or 23rd

49
Q

When is the longest day of the year?

A

Summer solstice, June 21.

50
Q

When is the shortest day of the year?

A

Winter solstice, December 21.

51
Q

When are the days almost 12 hours of day and 12 hours of night?

A

The summer and winter equinoxes.

52
Q

Tide

A

A rise or fall in the ocean surface.

53
Q

Moon Phase

A

Something that reflects the change of the moon as seen from Earth,

54
Q

Solar Eclipse

A

When the moon moves directly between the Earth and Sun and casts a shadow on Earth.

55
Q

Lunar Eclipse

A

When the Earth passes between the Sun and Moon and casts a shadow on the moon.

56
Q

Maria

A

The dark colored, flat, lava filled regions of the moons surface.

57
Q

Regolith

A

A layer of dusty lunar material produced by collisions between asteroids, comets, and the moon.

58
Q

How many days does it take for the moon to revolve around the moon?

A

27.3 days.

59
Q

A complete lunar phase cycle takes 29.5 days, what is this called?

A

A synodic month.

60
Q

Do we ever see the back side of the moon?

A

No we cannot.

61
Q

What causes a tide to rise or fall?

A

The gravitational pull by the sun and moon.

62
Q

What is the rise of sea level called?

A

High tide.

63
Q

After the sea level rises how long does it take the sea level to drop?

A

About 6 hours.

64
Q

Is the sun or moon farther from the Earth?

A

The sun.

65
Q

Does the sun or moon have a greater effect on Earth’s tides?

A

The moon.

66
Q

How are the Earth, sun and moon aligned for a spring tide?

A

The Sun, Earth, and moon are parallel in that order.

67
Q

How are the Earth, sun and moon aligned for a neap tide?

A

The sun and Earth are parallel horizontally and the Earth and Moon are linear vertically w/ the moon on top.

68
Q

What does the phase of the moon you see depend on?

A

The position of the relative location between the Sun, Earth, and Moon.

69
Q

When does a new moon occur?

A

When the moon is between the Earth and sun. A new moon will be fully covered in darkness.

70
Q

How many phases of the moon are there?

A

There are eight phases.

71
Q

What is the definition of waxing phases?

A

Waxing- The illuminated portion that we see appears larger each night.

72
Q

What is the definition of waning phases?

A

Waning- The illuminated portion that we see appears smaller each night.

73
Q

What are the moon phase names?

A

New Moon, waxing crescent, 1st quarter, waxing gibbous, full moon, waning gibbous, 3rd quarter, and waning crescent. (IN THAT ORDER.)

74
Q

Where is the word month derived from?

A

Month is derived from the same root word as moon.

75
Q

How are the Earth, moon, and Sun aligned during a solar eclipse?

A

The moon moves directly between the sun and Earth during a solar eclipse.

76
Q

What is an umbra?

A

The darkest portion of the moon’s shadow.

77
Q

What is a penumbra?

A

The lightest portion of the moon’s shadow.

78
Q

How are the Earth, moon, and Sun aligned during a lunar eclipse?

A

The Earth is located between the Sun and the Moon.

79
Q

How are the depressions on the moon formed?

A

When asteroids, comets, and meteorites collide with the moons surface

80
Q

Are there mountains on the moon?

A

Yes.

81
Q

Which side of the moon is thicker?

A

The far side/the dark side/the side not facing the Earth.

82
Q

Is the mantle of the moon a solid or liquid?

A

The mantle of the moon is a solid.

83
Q

What did the Clementine spacecraft do? (Two things.)

A

Confirmed the thickness of the moon’s crust and provided information on the mineral content of the moon rocks.

84
Q

What did the lunar prospector do? (Three things.)

A

Took photographs of the surface, confirmed the core is solid and iron rich, and collected evidence that supported the presence of water-ice on the moon.

85
Q

What is the giant impact theory?

A

Where it was thought to be that a mars size object collided with Earth. Then debri was went out into orbit and condensed forming a large mass (the moon).

Physical Science (6 decks)

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