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Physical Science > Ch 26 > Flashcards

Ch 26 Flashcards

1
Q

Define a rock

A

A naturally formed mixture containing rock fragments, minerals, and volcanic glass.

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2
Q

How are rocks identified?

A

By their composition and texture.

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3
Q

What does the texture tell about a rock?

A

Describes the shape, size, and arrangement of it’s componets.

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4
Q

Where do intrusive igneous rocks form from?

A

Molten rock that cools and crystallizes underground.

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5
Q

What type of molten rock do intrusive igneous rocks form from?

A

Magma

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6
Q

What is the name of the series that illustrates simultaneous crystallization of silicate mineral?

A

Bowen’s Reaction Series

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7
Q

What are the three types of magma?

A

Mafic (low silica), Intermediate, and Felsic (high silica).

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8
Q

Which magma type has a low silica content?

A

Mafic Magma

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9
Q

Which magma type has a high silica content?

A

Felsic Magma

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10
Q

Which type of crust has an abundant amount of quartz? (Oceanic or continental?)

A

Continental Crust

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11
Q

Which type of crust has little to no quartz? (Oceanic or continental?)

A

Oceanic and deep continental

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12
Q

Which type of igneous rock has a coarse grained texture?

A

Intrusive

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13
Q

Which type of igneous rock has a fine grained texture?

A

Extrusive

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14
Q

Do fine grained rocks cool slowly or quickly?

A

Quickly

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15
Q

What are the two specific texture types for extrusive igneous rocks?

A

Pumice and Scoria

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16
Q

Which texture is the type with holes left behind from rapid cooling?

A

Vesicular

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17
Q

Which texture is the type with two different crystal sizes because of different cooling rates?

A

Porphyritic

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18
Q

What type of rock has a vesicular (holey) texture?

A

Pumice

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19
Q

Define clasts

A

Small rock and mineral fragments

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20
Q

What types of erosion of rocks on Earth’s surface exposed to?

A

Water, wind, and other forces.

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21
Q

What does it mean if clasts are being transported?

A
22
Q

What does it mean if clasts are being deposited?

A
23
Q

Define pore space

A

The empty space in between grains.

24
Q

Define compaction

A

The process of which clasts stick together due to the weight of overlying material.

25
Q

Define cementation

A

When minerals precipitate slowly out of water solutions and crystallize in the spaces between clasts.

26
Q

How are sedimentary rocks formed?

A

Sedimentary rocks are formed when compaction and cementation work together.

27
Q

What is another name for clasts?

A

Detritus

28
Q

What are sedimentary rocks called that are mostly made of clasts?

A

Detrital sedimentary rock

29
Q

What is the decreasing size of clasts?

A

Gravel, sand, silt, then clay.

30
Q

Which class size would be deposited first?

A

Gravel

31
Q

What are four common detrital sedimentary rocks?

A

Gravel, sand, silt, & clay.

31
Q

How are chemical sedimentary rocks formed?

A

Chemical sedimentary rocks are formed from water that contains dissolved solids.

32
Q

If sedimentary rocks contain remains of living organisms what are they called?

A

Biochemical sedimentary rocks

33
Q

What are two common biochemical sedimentary rocks?

A

Limestone & Coal

34
Q

What are the three types of sedimentary rocks?

A

Detrital, Biochemical, and Chemical sedimentary rocks.

35
Q

Metamorphic rock is changed by a combination of which three things?

A

Heat, pressure and chemical reactions

36
Q

Which types of rocks can be changed by metamorphism?

A

Igneous, Detrital, and Sedimentary

37
Q

What is it called when metamorphic changes in rocks occur over large areas?

A

Regional metamorphism

38
Q

What is it called when metamorphic changes in rocks occur over small areas?

A

Contact metamorphism

39
Q

When shale is compressed which type of metamorphic rock is created?

A

Slate

40
Q

What are the two types of metamorphic rock textures?

A

Foliated and Non-Foliated

41
Q

Define foliated texture.

A

The crystals are in layers and bands

42
Q

Define non-foliated texture.

A

The crystals are randomly organized

43
Q

Define rock cycle.

A

The continuous changing of rocks from one type to another.

44
Q

Which types of rocks are part of the rocks cycle?

A

Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic

45
Q

What are the three types of rocks?

A

Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic

46
Q

Which types of rocks form from molten rock?

A

Igneous rocks

47
Q

Which types of rocks are formed from clasts, precipitation, or compressed once living matter?

A

Sedimentary rocks

48
Q

Which types of rocks are formed from heat, pressure and chemical reactions?

A

Metamorphic rocks

49
Q

What can form from hot water, evaporation, or molten rock?

A

Minerals

50
Q

Metamorphic rocks are mainly classified on which two things?

A

Texture and composition

Physical Science (6 decks)

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