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Physical Science > 28 > Flashcards

28 Flashcards

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1
Q

Troposphere

A

A layer extending an average of 12 km above Earths surface.

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2
Q

Temperature Inversion

A

Occurs when altitude and the air become stable

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3
Q

Greenhouse effect

A

A natural process in which certain gases in the atmosphere warm a planet as they absorb and emit infrared radiation.

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4
Q

How are the layer of the Earth divided?

A

By their composition and temperature.

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5
Q

What gas makes up the majority of the atmosphere?

A

Nitrogen 78%

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6
Q

What gas makes up the second majority of the atmosphere?

A

21%

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7
Q

What is the remaining 1% of the atmosphere?

A

Trace gases (Water Vapor, Argon, Carbon Dioxide, Ozone, Neon, Methane, Nitrogen oxides)

The majority of the 1% is Argon.

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8
Q

Within the troposphere does the temperature increase or decrease with altitude?

A

The temperature decreases.

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9
Q

How many layers of the atmosphere are there?

A

5 layers.

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10
Q

What are the names of the atmospheric layers starting from the closest to the surface to the furthest from the surface,

A

Troposphere, stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere, and Exosphere.

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11
Q

Which layer is the ozone layer found in?

A

The stratosphere.

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12
Q

Within the stratosphere does the temperature increase or decrease with altitude?

A

It increases.

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13
Q

Within the mesoosphere does the temperature increase or decrease with altitude?

A

It increases in the higher level of the mesosphere but decreases in the lower level of the mesosphere.

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14
Q

Do the thermosphere and exosphere impact weather?

A

No they do not affect weather.

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15
Q

Where does 100% of solar radiation come from?

A

The Sun

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16
Q

What percent of solar radiation is absorbed by the earths surface?

A

50%

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17
Q

What percent of solar radiation is reflected back by land and sea surface

A

5%

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18
Q

What percent of solar radiation is absorbed by particles in the atmosphere?

A

20%

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19
Q

What percent of solar radiation is reflected by clouds and other particles in the atmosphere?

A

25%

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20
Q

What are the three basic cloud types?

A

Cumulus, Cirrus, and Stratus clouds.

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21
Q

Describe Stratus clouds.

A

Layered, sheet like clouds.

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22
Q

Describe Cumulus clouds.

A

Puffy in appearance.

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23
Q

Describe Cirrus clouds.

A

Wispy high-altitude clouds.

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24
Q

Jet Stream

A

A narrow band of fast moving, high-altitude air.

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25
Q

Coriolis Effect

A

The apparent deflection of an object due to Earth’s rotation.

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26
Q

Air Mass

A

A large volume of air with uniform moisture and temperature throughout.

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27
Q

Weather Front

A

Zones in which air masses can interact.

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28
Q

How many jet streams are there in the world?

A

Four jet streams.

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29
Q

How many pressure systems are there?

A

Two, the high and low pressure systems.

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30
Q

What is a low pressure systems also known as?

A

A low.

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31
Q

Which direction does a low rotate?

A

Counterclockwise.

32
Q

What are some results of a low pressure system?

A

Air rises, clouds form, and percipitation is formed.

33
Q

What is a high pressure system also known as?

A

A high.

34
Q

Which direction does a high rotate?

A

Clockwise.

35
Q

What are some results of a high pressure system?

A

Causes air to sink, which results in clear skies.

36
Q

Where do highs flow from?

A

From the center

37
Q

What are the four weather fronts?

A

Cold front, warm front, stationary front, and occluded front.

38
Q

How are cold fronts created?

A

Cold air forces warm air in a fast and chaotic manner.

39
Q

How are cold fronts represented on a weather forecast?

A

Blue triangles.

40
Q

How are warm fronts created?

A

Warm air rises gently above cold air.

41
Q

How are warm fronts represented?

A

Red half circles.

42
Q

How are stationary fronts created?

A

Cold and warm air masses meet and neither advance.

43
Q

Maritime Climate

A

A climate strongly affected by the ocean.

44
Q

Continental Climate

A

A climate not affected by the ocean.

45
Q

Sea Breeze

A

A breeze that blows from over the water towards land.

46
Q

Define Climate.

A

A long term average of weather conditions.

47
Q

Define weather.

A

The day to day outdoor conditions.

48
Q

What are the 5 spheres that make up the Earth’s system?

A

Atmosphere, Cryosphere, Biosphere, Lithosphere, and Hydrosphere.

49
Q

What is Atmosphere?

A

The air around us.

50
Q

What is Biosphere?

A

Everything organic and living.

51
Q

What is Hydrosphere?

A

Every body of liguid water.

52
Q

What is Cryosphere?

A

All frozen water.

53
Q

What is lithosphere?

A

Earth’s outermost layer.

54
Q

What is the primary factor that influences climate at any given location?

A

Latitude.

55
Q

Where is solar radiation most intense?

A

The equator.

56
Q

At what degree do the suns rays hit the tropical zones?

A

90 degrees.

57
Q

At which degree does the sun’s rays hit the temperate zones?

A

45 degrees.

58
Q

At which degree does the sun’s rays hit the polar zones?

A

30 degrees.

59
Q

Which zone is Lamar, Colorado located in?

A

Temmperate.

60
Q

What other factors determine climate?

A

Precipitation, mountains, and water.

61
Q

What are the windward side conditions like?

A

Cool and wet. Much vegetation.

62
Q

What are the conditions like on the leeward side?

A

Warm and dry. Little vegetation.

63
Q

What is a land breeze?

A

Where wind blows from land to sea overnight.

64
Q

Which climate zone and and vegetation does Lamar, Colorado have?

A

Warm and semi arid. Grassland.

65
Q

Global Warming

A

An increase in the average temperature Earth’s near surface air and oceans.

66
Q

El Nino

A

The warming of the Pacific Ocean off of western South America.

Occurs every 3 to 10 years.

67
Q

La Nina

A

Occurs when trade winds in the pacific are unusually strong and water is colder than usual.

68
Q

What are two changes that Earth’s climate undergoes?

A

Seasonal and Long-term changes.

69
Q

How do seasonal changes occur?

A

How Earth revolves around the Sun.

70
Q

Which hemisphere experiences summer?

A

The side that is tilted towards the Sun.

71
Q

What was the period called when most of the Earth’s surface was covered in ice?

A

Ice Age.

72
Q

How long ago did the world climate reach its current pattern?

A

3,000 years ago.

73
Q

What are some factors that can affect climate change?

A

A change in orbit, tilt, & Earth-Sun distance.

74
Q

How can humans impact climate change?

A

Energy consumption, deforestation, industrial and agricultural practices.

75
Q

What is deforestation?

A

The clearing of large areas of forest land.

76
Q

How does deforestation affect climate change?

A

Deforestation removes carbon dioxide meaning more CO_2 causing temperatures to rise.

Physical Science (6 decks)

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