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Physical Science > Chapter 25.3.4 (Ch 26 starts at streak) > Flashcards

Chapter 25.3.4 (Ch 26 starts at streak) Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the boundary that marks density change between layers?

A

Discontinuity

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2
Q

How are discontinuities identified?

A

By using seismic waves.

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3
Q

What are shadow zones?

A

Areas in which seismic waves have not been recorded.

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4
Q

What is another term/name for a shadow zone?

A

Dead Zone

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5
Q

What degrees does the shadow zone fall between?

A

Between 105° & 140°

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6
Q

Is the outer core a liquid or solid?

A

It is a liquid.

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7
Q

Is the inner core a solid or liquid? Why?

A

A solid because of the effects of pressure.

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8
Q

What makes up the lithosphere?

A

The crust and uppermost mantle.

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9
Q

What is the asthenosphere?

A

A plastic like layer of which Earth’s plates move on.

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10
Q

Which elements make up the mantle?

A

Calcium, Aluminum, Iron, & Magnesium.

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11
Q

Which elements make up the core?

A

Iron & Nickel

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12
Q

Viscosity

A

The measure of a fluid’s resistance to flow.

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13
Q

Silica

A

The chemical compound of silicon dioxide. SiO2.

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14
Q

Cinder Cone Volcanoes

A

Tend to be small (have heights in the meter range), and short eruption cycles.

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15
Q

Shield Volcanoes

A

Broad/flat stuctures, composed of multiple layers of lava flow.

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16
Q

Composite Volcanoes

A

Large, steep sided, and composed of both layers of lava and ash.

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17
Q

What is molten or liquid rock stored inside earth called?

A

Magma

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18
Q

Where is the Ring of Fire located?

A

The Pacific Ocean shore/coastline

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19
Q

Which two specific locations have volcanic activity due to divergents?

A

Mid Atlantic Ridge and East African Rift Valley

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20
Q

Are hotspots stationary?

A

Yes, they are stationary.

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21
Q

What can hotspots create?

A

Islands

Ex: Hawaiian Islands

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22
Q

If the viscosity is higher, will the fluid flow quickly or slowly?

A

More slowly.

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23
Q

If magma has a high viscosity, will it contain more or less silica?

A

More. The higher the viscosity, the more silica.

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24
Q

What is pyroclastic material?

A

Any solid material that erupts from a volcano.

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25
Q

What is the smallest pyroclastic material?

A

Volcanic ash

26
Q

What is the largest pyroclastic material?

A

Volcanic blocks and bombs

27
Q

What types of gases erupt from a volcano?

A

Water vapor, carbon dioxide, and sulfur dioxide

28
Q

What determines the eruptive style of a volcano?

A

Temperature, magma composition, and velocity.

29
Q

How are volcanoes classified?

A

Their size, shape, and eruptive materials.

30
Q

What type of lava do cinder Cone volcanoes erupt?

A

High-temp, gas rich, basaltic lava

31
Q

How long are the eruption cycles of cinder cone volcanoes?

A

Short eruption cycles.

32
Q

What type of lava do shield volcanoes have?

A

They have high-temp, low viscosity, basaltic lava.

33
Q

What are the three types of volcanoes?

A

Shield, Cinder Cone, and Composite.

34
Q

Mineral

A

A solid inorganic substance of natural occurrence or naturally occurring element or compound that is inorganic solid and has a crystalline structure.

35
Q

Streak

A

The color of a mineral in powdered form

36
Q

Cleavage

A

The physical property of a mineral that allows it to break along flat planes

37
Q

Fracture

A

An uneven break in a mineral

38
Q

Hardness

A

The physical property that measures the resistance of a mineral to scratching

39
Q

Magma

A
40
Q

A mineral is ____ , ______, & _______?

A

Naturally occuring, inorganic solid, & with a crystalline?

41
Q

What are the two most abundant elements that make up Earths crust?

A

Oxygen and Silicon.

42
Q

What does inorganic mean?

A

Non living material

43
Q

What does the arrangement of an atom and the bonds between them reflect about a mineral?

A

It will determine how it breaks, how hard it is, and the crystal shape it has.

44
Q

What are all the ways to identify minerals?

A

Hardness, Crystal shape, luster, streak, cleavage, fracture, and atomic arrangement.

45
Q

What are the two types of lusters?

A

Metallic and Non-metalllic.

46
Q

How does metallic luster reflect light?

A

Its reflects easily like a piece of metal (reflective chrome).

47
Q

How does non-metallic luster reflect light?

A

Appears earthy or waxy and shines like glass.

48
Q

How do you perform a streak test?

A

By rubbing a mineral on an unglazed white/black porcelain tile.

49
Q

What are the two types of breakage that can happen to minerals?

A

Cleavage and fracture.

50
Q

What is the name of the scale to measure the hardness of a mineral?

A

Mohs Scale (Mohs Scale of Hardness)

51
Q

What is the number range on Mohs Scake of hardness?

A

1-10

52
Q

How many different crystal shape systems are there?

A

6 different crystal shape systems

53
Q

Minerals grow from the_____?

A

From the inside to the outside.

54
Q

What are the three ways minerals can form?

A

Molten rock, Hot water, & Evaporation

55
Q

What are the two mineral groups?

A

Silicates and Non-Silicates

56
Q

Which mineral group is the most abundant in Earth’s crust?

A

Silicates

57
Q

Which elements are silicates made up of?

A

Silicon and Oxygen.

58
Q

Non-silicates do not contain which element?

A

Do not contain silicon.

58
Q

What mineral is used to make glass?

A

Quartz

59
Q

Define a Rock

A

Physical Science (6 decks)

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