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physical science > chapter 28.3 > Flashcards

chapter 28.3 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is climate?

A

It is a long-term average of weather conditions.

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2
Q

What is weather?

A

It is the day to day outside conditions.

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3
Q

What are the five spheres that make up earths system?

A

Atmosphere, Cryosphere, Lithosphere, Hydrosphere, and Biosphere.

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4
Q

What is the atmosphere?

A

The air around us.

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5
Q

What is the Biosphere?

A

Everything organic.

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6
Q

What is the Hydrosphere?

A

Liquid water, large bodies of water.

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7
Q

What is the Cryosphere?

A

Frozen water in snow, ice, and glaciers.

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8
Q

What is the Lithosphere?

A

Earths outermost layer.

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9
Q

What is the primary factor that influences climate at any given location?

A

Latitiude.

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10
Q

At which location does Earth receive the most intense solar radiation?

A

The Equator.

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11
Q

At what degrees do the sun rays hit Earths surface in the tropic zone?

A

90 degrees.

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12
Q

At what degrees do the sun rays hit Earths surface in the temperate zones?

A

45 degrees.

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13
Q

At what degrees do the sun rays hit Earths surface in the Polar zones?

A

30 degrees.

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14
Q

Which one of these zones does Lamar Colorado fall in ?

A

Temperate zones.

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15
Q

What are other factors that determine climate.

A

precipitation, mountains, and body of water (ocean)

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16
Q

What is it like on a windward side of a mountain?

A

The air is cool and wet with a lot of vegetation.

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17
Q

What is it like on a leeward side of a mountain?

A

The air is warm and dry with little to no vegetation.

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18
Q

What is land breeze?

A

This is where air blows from land to the water and it happens at night.

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19
Q

In Lamar Colorado what climate zone are we in and what type of vegetation do we have?

A

Warm semi-arid, and vegetation is grassland.

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20
Q

An increase in the average temperatures of Earths near-surface air and oceans.

A

Global warming

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21
Q

The warming of the pacific ocean off the coast of Western South America that occurs every 3 to 10 years.

A

El nino.

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22
Q

Opposite of El nino, and occurs when trade winds in the Pacific are unusually strong and surface water is colder than normal.

A

La Nina.

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23
Q

What two climates does the earth over go?

A

Seasonal and long-term.

24
Q

How do seasonal changes happen?

A

They happen due to the Earth revolving around the sun.

25
Q

In general which hemisphere is in summer?

A

whichever one is tilted towards the sun.

26
Q

What is the period called in which Earths surface was covered in a sheet of ice?

A

Ice Age.

27
Q

How long ago did the Earth reach its current patterns?

A

Around 3,000 years ago.

28
Q

What are some factors that can change climate?

A

The tilt of earths axis, the shape of the orbit, and the distance from the sun.

29
Q

How do humans effect climate?

A

The consumption of energy, deforestation, and industrial/ agricultural practice.

30
Q

What is deforestation?

A

Clearing a large area of trees.

31
Q

What are two ways that the carbon cycle can be affected?

A

Deforestation and loss of vegetation.

32
Q

A round, three-dimensional object, the surface of which is the same distance from the center in all directions.

A

Sphere

33
Q

An elongated, closed curve with two foci.

A

Ellipse

34
Q

Is Earth a perfect sphere?

A

No the equator is longer than pole to pole.

35
Q

What are some of the ancient observations to prove earth is a sphere?

A

Gravity, lunar eclipse, and Star formations.

36
Q

What are two factors that affect gravitational pull?

A

Masses and distance.

37
Q

Which diameter of earth, pole to pole or the equator is greater?

A

Equator.

38
Q

What does the magnetic field protect earth from?

A

Harmful solar radiation.

39
Q

Which magnetic pole is located in the northern hemisphere?

A

The south magnetic pole.

40
Q

At what degrees is earths axis tilted at?

A

11.7 degrees.

41
Q

Do the magnetic poles reverse?

A

Yes.

42
Q

What is the large scale movements in which the magnetic pole reverse?

A

Magnetic reversals.

43
Q

On average how often do magnetic reversals occur?

A

about 200,000 years.

44
Q

How long ago did the last magnetic reversal happen?

A

780,000 years ago.

45
Q

What part of earths magnetic field deflects harmful radiation from the sun.

A

Magnetosphere.

46
Q

What are the two scientific names of the northern and southern lights?

A

Northern: Aurora Borealis Southern: Aurora Australis

47
Q

How are the auroras created?

A

Electrically-charged particles (from the sun) collide with atoms in the atmosphere.

48
Q

What month are we closest to the sun?

A

January.

49
Q

When are we closest tot he sun?

A

147 million km away.

50
Q

When are we furthest from the sun?

A

152 million km away.

51
Q

An area 15 degrees wide in which time is the same.

A

time zone

52
Q

The spinning of Earth on its axis, an imaginary line drawn from Earths north pole to South pole.

A

rotation

53
Q

the motion of Earth in an elliptical orbit around the sun.

A

revolution

54
Q

The plane of Earths orbit around the sun.

A

ecliptic

55
Q

Occurs when Earths rotational axis is tilted directly toward the sun or away from the sun.

A

solstice

56
Q

Earths rotational axis is perpendicular to a line drawn from the center of Earth from the center of the Sun.

A

equinox

physical science (13 decks)

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