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chapter 25 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

A system of mountain ranges on the sea floor separated by valleys.

A

mid-ocean ridge

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2
Q

Long narrow depression that forms between peaks along the mid-ocean range.

A

rift valley

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3
Q

The boundary where two plates collide.

A

convergent plate boundary

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4
Q

When a thick and buoyant continental plate meets a thin and dense oceanic plate, the denser plate dives beneath the continent.

A

subduction

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5
Q

The boundary between two plates that are moving apart.

A

divergent plate boundary

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6
Q

A boundary where plates slide horizontally past each other in opposite directions.

A

transform plate boundary

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7
Q

A sudden movement or vibrations of the ground that occurs when rocks slip and slide along enormous cracks in Earths crust faults.

A

earthquake

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8
Q

A crack in Earths crust along which rock has moved.

A

fault

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9
Q

A sudden release of strain as rock moves along a fault.

A

elastic rebound

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10
Q

The point of origin for an earthquake.

A

focus

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11
Q

The point on earths surface directly above the focus.

A

epicenter

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12
Q

who came up with the continental drift hypothesis.

A

Alfred Wegener

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13
Q

what were some pieces of evidence that supported Wegeners hypothesis.

A
  1. large land animal fossils
  2. coast lines fit together like puzzles
  3. mountain ranges matched up with the same rock types
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14
Q

what was the name of the super continent.

A

Pangaea

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15
Q

who came up with the seafloor spreading hypothesis.

A

Harry Hess

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16
Q

How did Harry Hess discover seafloor spreading.

A

He used sonar which emitted waves that bounced off the seafloor

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17
Q

what did Hess discover using the sonar.

A

mid-ocean range

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18
Q

what are the types of plate boundaries.

A
  1. convergent plate boundary
  2. divergent plate boundary
  3. transform plate boundary
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19
Q

how do convergent plate boundaries move.

A

They move into each other, come together

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20
Q

subduction zones only happen with which type of plate boundary.

A

convergent plate boundary

21
Q

what two types of crusts can happen or be used with any plate boundaries.

A

oceanic crust and continental crust

22
Q

what two types of land forms can be formed when oceanic and continental crusts converge.

A

volcanoes and deep sea trenches

23
Q

What types of land forms can be created when two oceanic crusts converge.

A

Deep sea trenches and hot spots which create volcanic islands

24
Q

what types of land forms are when two continental crust converge.

A

mountains

25
Q

what type of crust must be present for a volcanic activity to occur.

A

oceanic crust

26
Q

How do divergent plate boundaries move.

A

They move away from each other or away

27
Q

What are examples of divergent plate boundaries.

A

MOR(mid ocean ridge), Oceanic crusts, East African Rift( two continental crusts)

28
Q

How do transform plate boundaries move.

A

they move past each other.

29
Q

what is a specific example of a transform plate boundary.

A

San Andreas fall (continental crust)

30
Q

what is a convection current.

A
  1. Magma heats up, becomes less dense and rises

2. Magma cools and becomes more dense and sinks

31
Q

What are three forces that contribute to plate motion.

A

Slab pull, Ridge push, and Friction

32
Q

what is an earthquake.

A

The sudden movement or vibration of the ground that occurs when rocks slip and slide along faults

33
Q

which plate boundaries have shallow earthquakes.

A

divergent and transform.

34
Q

which plate boundary has deep earthquakes.

A

convergent boundaries.

35
Q

what are the types of stress that can act upon rock to make it active/move.

A

compression, tension, shear, and torsion

36
Q

what are the two types of deformation.

A

elastic and plastic

37
Q

what happens to a rock when elastic deformation happens.

A

The material goes back to its original shape

38
Q

what happens to a rock when plastic deformation happens.

A

It takes on a new shape

39
Q

how many types of seismic waves are there.

A

primary waves, secondary waves, surface waves

40
Q

what type of seismic waves is the fastest.

A

Primary waves

41
Q

what type of wave is a primary wave.

A

it is a compression wave

42
Q

what type of materials can p-waves pass through.

A

solids and liquids

43
Q

what type of wave is an s-wave.

A

a transverse wave

44
Q

what types of materials can an s-wave pass through.

A

only solids

45
Q

which wave does the most damage and is more complex.

A

surface waves

46
Q

what are the two skills that help measure earthquakes.

A

Richter scale and Mercalli scale

47
Q

what does the Richter scale measure about and earthquake.

A

the amount of energy

48
Q

what does the Mercalli scale measure about an earthquake.

A

the amount of visible damage

physical science (13 decks)

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