Chapter 28-Diuretic Drugs

Question 1

These drugs accelerate the rate of urine formation

Answer 1

Diuretic drugs

Question 2

These drugs result in the removal of sodium and water from the body

Answer 2

Diuretic drugs

Question 3

These drugs are used in the treatment of hypertension, heart failure, and renal failure

Answer 3

Diuretic drugs

Question 4

Which location in the kidney is the area where the highest percentage of sodium and water are reabsorbed back into the bloodstream?

Answer 4

Ascending loop of Henle

Question 5

Which location in the kidney is the greatest percentage of sodium and water returned to the bloodstream?

Answer 5

The proximal tubule

Question 6

Carbonic anhydride inhibitors, loop, osmotic, potassium-sparring, and Thiazide and Thiazide-like are all types of ______

Answer 6

Diuretics

Question 7

What is the most commonly used carbonic anhydrase inhibitor?

Answer 7

Acetazolamide (Diamox)

Question 8

The enzyme carbonic anhydrase helps to make H+ ions available for exchange with sodium and water in the proximal tubules. These drugs block the action of carbonic anhydrase, preventing the exchange of H+ ions with sodium and water

Answer 8

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

Question 9

These are adjunct drugs in the long-term management of open-angle glaucoma. They lower intraocular pressure prior to ocular surgery.

Answer 9

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

Question 10

The strokes are useful in the treatment of edema and high-altitude sickness

Answer 10

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

Question 11

These drugs are considered a less potent diuretic than loop diuretics or thiazides

Answer 11

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

Question 12

Metabolic acidosis, anorexia, hematuria, photosensitivity, hypokalemia, drowsiness, urticaria, Paresthesia, and glycosuria in diabetics are all adverse affects of what type of drug?

Answer 12

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

Question 13

What is the drug classification for Bumetanide (Bumex), ethacrynic (Edecrin), furosemide (Lasix), and torsemide (Demadex) ?

Answer 13

Loop diuretics

Question 14

These drugs act directly on the ascending limb of the loop of Henle to inhibit chloride and sodium reabsorption. They increased renal prostaglandins, resulting in the dilation of blood vessels and reduced peripheral vascular resistance. They are useful in the treatment of edema and possess renal, cardiovascular, and metabolic effects.

Answer 14

Loop diuretics

Question 15

These drugs cause a depletion in potassium and sodium

Answer 15

Loop diuretics

Question 16

A reduction in blood pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance, systemic vascular resistance, central venous pressure, and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure are the result of ______ _____ _____

Answer 16

Decreased fluid volume

Question 17

Edema associated with heart failure or heart disease, to control hypertension, increased renal excretion of calcium and faces with hypercalcemia, in cases of heart failure resulting from diastolic dysfunction are all indications of ______ ______

Answer 17

Loop Diuretics

Question 18

What are the adverse affects of a loop diuretics?

Answer 18

Dizziness, headache, tinnitus, blurred vision, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, agranulocytosis, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia

Question 19

When administering a loop diuretic to a patient, it is most important for the nurse to determine if the patient is also taking which drug?

Answer 19

Lithium (Eskalith)

Question 20

What is the most common osmotic diuretic?

Answer 20

Mannitol (Osmitrol)

Question 21

Which area of the kidney do osmotic diuretics effect?

Answer 21

Proximal tubule

Question 22

The mechanism of action for this classification of drug is to inhibit tubular resorption of water and solutes, producing rapid diuresis. It pulls water into the renal tubules from the surrounding tissues and increases glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow, Which helps to prevent kidney damage during acute renal failure. It reduces intercranial pressure or cerebral edema associated with head trauma and also reduces excessive intraocular pressure.

Answer 22

Osmotic diuretics

Question 23

Convulsions, thrombophlebitis, pulmonary congestion, headache, chest pain, tachycardia, blurred vision, chills, and fever are all adverse affects of this drug classification.

Answer 23

Osmotic diuretics

Question 24

This osmotic diuretic can only be infused intravenously. It may crystallize when exposed to low temperatures and use of a filter is required.

Answer 24

Mannitol (Osmitrol)

Question 25

What is the drug classification for amiloride (Midamor), spironololactone (Aldactone), triamterene (Dyrenium)?

Answer 25

Potassium sparing diuretics or aldosterone inhibiting diuretics

Question 26

The mechanism of action for this classification of drug is interfering with sodium-potassium exchange, competitively binding to aldosterone receptors usually induced by aldosterone. This action takes place in the collecting ducts and distal convoluted tubules.

Answer 26

Potassium-sparing diuretics or aldosterone-inhibiting diuretics

Question 27

The effects of this drug classification are to prevent potassium from being pumped into the tubules, preventing it’s secretion. It competitively blocks aldosterone receptors and inhibits their action, promoting the excretion of sodium and water while sparing potassium excretion.

Answer 27

Potassium-sparing diuretics or aldosterone-inhibiting diuretics

Question 28

Hyperaldosteronism, hypertension, reversing potassium loss caused by potassium – losing drugs, and certain cases of heart failure are indications for which drugs?

Answer 28

Potassium-sparing diuretics or aldosterone-inhibiting diuretics

Spironolactone (Aldactone) & triamterene (Dyrenium)

Question 29

Which potassium-sparing diuretic is used for the treatment of heart failure?

Answer 29

Amiloride (Midamor)

Question 30

Dizziness, headache, cramps, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, urinary frequency, weakness, and hyperkalemia, are all adverse effects of which drug classification?

Answer 30

Potassium-bearings diuretics for aldosterone-inhibiting diuretics

Question 31

Gynecomastia, amenorrhea, irregular menses, and postmenopausal bleeding are all adverse affects of this specific potassium-sparing diuretic?

Answer 31

Spironolactone (Aldactone)

Question 32

What is the drug classification for Hydrochlorothiazide (Esidrix, HydroDIURIL) and chlorothiazide (Diuril) ?

Answer 32

Thiazide diuretics

Question 33

What is the drug classification for Metolazone (Mykrox, Zaroxolyn), chlorothalidone (Hydone, Thalitone), indapamide (Lozol)?

Answer 33

Thiazide-Like diuretics

Question 34

These drugs inhibit tubular resorption of sodium, chloride, and potassium ions. They act primarily in the distal convoluted tubule of the kidney. They cause the excretion of water, sodium, chloride and lesser volumes of potassium and dilate the arterioles by direct relaxation.

Answer 34

Thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics

Question 35

This drugs in this classification lower peripheral vascular resistance and deplete sodium, water, and potassium

Answer 35

Thiazide and Thiazide-like diuretics

Question 36

Thiazides should not be used if the creatinine clearance is less than ______ to ______ mL/min (normal is 125 mLmin)

Answer 36

30 to 50

Question 37

Thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics are one of the most prescribed group of drugs for this condition?

Answer 37

Hypertension

Question 38

Hypertension, edematous states, idiopathic hypercalcuria, diabetes insipidus, and heart failure due to diastolic dysfunction are indications for this drug classification.

Answer 38

Thiazide and Thiazide-like diuretics

Question 39

This drug classifications serves as adjunct drugs in treatment of edema related to heart failure, hepatic cirrhosis, or corticosteroid/estrogen therapy

Answer 39

Thiazide and Thiazide-like diuretics

Question 40

Dizziness, headache, blurred vision, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, impotence, jaundice, Leukopenia, photosensitivity, hypokalemia, hypoglycemia, hyperuricemia, hypochloremic alkalosis are adverse effects for this drug classification?

Answer 40

Loop diuretics

Question 41

What are the therapeutic effects of diuretics?

Answer 41

Reduction of the edema, reduction of fluid volume overload, improvement of manifestations of heart failure, reduction of hypertension, return to normal intraocular pressure

Question 42

A patient with creatinine clearance of 20 mL/min is admitted to the medical surgical unit. The patient is in need of rapid diuresis. Which class of diuretic does the nurse anticipate administering?

Answer 42

Thiazide

Metolazone (Zaroxolyn)

Question 43

Furosemide (Lasix) is ordered for a patient. Before administering the drug it is important for the nurse to assess the patient for allergies to which drug class?

Answer 43

Sulfonamides

Question 44

Two days after admission, the nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a patient. Which is the most common electrolyte finding resulting from administration of furosemide (Lasix)?

Answer 44

Hypokalemia