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Pharm II > Chapter 22-Antihypertensive Drugs > Flashcards

Chapter 22-Antihypertensive Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What is pre-hypertensive BP?

A

S 120-139/ D80-89

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2
Q

What is the BP for Stage 1 hypertension?

A

S 140-159/ D90-99

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3
Q

What is the BP for Stage 2 hypertension?

A

S >160/ D >100

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4
Q

This nervous system system stimulates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands?

A

Parasympathetic nervous system

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5
Q

This nervous system stimulates the heart, blood vessels, skeletal muscle

A

Sympathetic nervous system

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6
Q

What do the following drug treat;
Adrenergic drugs, angiotensin-converting enzymes (ACE) inhibitors, Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs), Diuretics, vasodilators, and Direct Renin Inhibitors

A

Hypertension

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7
Q

Which drug class decreases norepinephrine?

A

Andrenergic drugs

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8
Q

Which drug class reduces renin activity in the kidneys, stimulates alpha-adrenergic receptors in the brain, and decreases BP?

A

Alpha receptor agonists

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9
Q

Which drug class decreases sympathetic outflow from the CNS?

A

Alpha receptor agonists

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10
Q

Which Andrenergic drug is safe to be used for hypertension during pregnancy?

A

Methyldopa (Aldomet)

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11
Q

Which drug class are Clonidine (Catapres) & methyldopa (Aldomet)

A

Alpha receptor agonists

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12
Q

Which drug class are those with the suffix -azosin?

A

Alpha Blockers/antagonists

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13
Q

Which drugs are Alpha Blockers/Agonists?

A

Doxazosin (Cardura),
Terazosin Hytrin),
Prazosin (Minipress)

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14
Q

Long term use of these adrenergic drugs causes reduced peripheral vascular resistance

A

Beta blockers

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15
Q

Which class of adrenergic drug has the suffix -olol?

A

Beta Blockers

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16
Q

What class of drug are the following;
Nebivlol (Bystolic),
Propranolol (Inderal),
Atenolol (Tenormin)

A

Beta Blockers

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17
Q

Which drugs are alpha and beta receptor blockers?

A

Carvedilol (Coreg)

Reduces heart rate and causes vasodilation

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18
Q

What is tamsulosin (Flomax) used for?

A

Management of severe heart failure when used with cardiac glycosides and diuretics

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19
Q

What are the most common adverse effects of adrenergic drugs?

A 
Bradycardia with reflex tachycardia,
Dry mouth,
Drowsiness/sedation,
Constipation,
Depression, 
Edema,
Sexual dysfunction
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20
Q

What are the less common adverse effects of adrenergic drugs?

A 
Headaches,
Sleep disturbances,
Nausea,
Rash, 
Cardiac disturbances (palpitations)
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21
Q

When administering an alpha-adrenergic drug for hypertension, it is important for the nurse to assess the patient for the development of ______.

A

Hypotension

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22
Q

What are the first line drugs for heart failure and hypertension?

A

ACE inhibitors

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23
Q

Which class of adrenergic drugs has the suffix -pril?

A

ACE inhibitors

24
Q

_______ is a potent vasoconstrictor and causes aldosterone secretion from the adrenal glands.

A

Angiotensin II

25
Q

_______ inhibit the Angiotensin Converting Enzyme, which is responsible for converting Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II

A

ACE inhibitors

26
Q

______ use results in decreased systemic vascular resistance (afterload), vasodilation, and therefore decreased blood pressure

A

ACE inhibitors

27
Q

What are the indications for ACE inhibitors?

A

Hypertension,
HF,
Slow progression of left ventricular hyper trophy after MI (cardio protective),
Renal protective effects in patients with diabetes

28
Q

Which ACE inhibitors are not prodrugs and must be metabolized by the liver?

A

Captopril (Capoten) & Lisinopril (Prinivil)

These can be used for patients with liver dysfunction

29
Q

What are the adverse effects of ace inhibitors?

A

Fatigue, dizziness, headache, mood changes, impaired taste, possible hyperkalemia, drnonproductive

30
Q

_____ are inactive in their administered form and must be metabolized in the liver to an active form to be effective

A

Prodrugs

Catapril and Lisinopril are NOT prodrugs

31
Q

______ to not cause a dry cough

A

Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)

32
Q

Doxazosin (Cardura),
Terazosin (Hytrin),
Prazosin (Minipress)

These drug are in which classification ?

A

Alpha blockers/antagonists

33
Q

______ is useful in the management of withdrawal symptoms in opioid dependent persons

A

Clonidine

34
Q 
Captopril (Capoten),
Benazepril (Lotensin),
Enalapril (Vasotec),
Fosinopril (Monopril),
Lisinopril (Prinivil),
Moexipril (Univasc),
Quinapril (Accupril)

These are all in which drug classification

A

ACE inhibitors

35
Q

A patient with a history of pancreatitis and Cirrhosis is also being treated for hypertension. Which drug will most likely be ordered for this patient?

A

Captopril

36
Q

The suffix -sartan is most associated with this drug classification

A

Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)

37
Q

What is the mechanism of action for angiotensin II receptor blocker’s (ARBs)?

A

Block vasoconstriction and release of aldosterone

38
Q

What are the types of adrenergic (antihypertensive) drugs?

A 
ACE inhibitors,
Angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARBs),
Calcium channel blocker's (CCBs),
Diuretics,
Vasodilators,
Direct renin inhibitors
39
Q

What is a common adverse effect for ACE inhibitors?

A

Fatigue, dizziness, mood changes, headaches, dry nonproductive cough

40
Q

What is the mechanism of action for ACE inhibitors?

A

Vasodilators that prevent sodium and water resorption and reduce blood pressure

41
Q

What are the interactions for ACE inhibitors?

A

NSAIDs (predisposes for renal failure),
Lithium,
Potassium (can cause hyperkalemia)

42
Q

What is the mechanism of action for ARBs?

A

They block the binding of A-II to the receptors

43
Q

This category of antihypertensive drugs lowers mortality after MI?

A

ARBs

44
Q

Where are the adverse affects for ARBs?

A

Upper respiratory infection

45
Q

What are the contradictions for ARBs?

A

Allergies,
Pregnancy,
Lactation,
Caution with elderly

46
Q

What is the mechanism of action for calcium Channel Blockers?

A

Peripheral vasodilation

47
Q

What are the contradictions for calcium channel blockers?

A

Cerebral edema,
Head trauma,
Acute MI

48
Q

Toxicity and overdose of some CCBs produce what symptoms?

A

Hypotension,
tachycardia,
headache,
generalized skin flushing

49
Q 
Hydrazine (Apresoline),
Sodium Nitroprusside (Nitropress)

Are whate type of antihypertensive?

A

CCBs

50
Q

What lab result is an indicator that a heart attack this taken place?

A

Elevated serum troponin

This is elevated 4 to 6 hours after a heart attack begins and maybe reliable up to 14 days after a heart attack

51
Q

First dose orthostatic hypotension may occur within 2 to 6 hours after administration of ________

A

Doxazosin (Cardura)

52
Q

What is the mechanism of action for diuretics?

A

Decrease workload of the heart,
Decrease blood pressure

They directly relax arteriolar and/or venous smooth muscle, decreasing systemic vascular response, decreasing afterload, and peripheral vasodilation

53
Q

What is the mechanism of action for nitrates and nitrites?

A

Vasodilation of coronary arteries

54
Q

Drugs with the suffix -trate are in which classification?

A

Nitrates/Nitrites

Along with nitroglycerine

55
Q

Beta Blockers are used to treat ____ angina

A

Exertional

56
Q

Beta blockers

A

_____ _____ should be used with caution in patients with bronchial asthma as they can cause bronchoconstriction

57
Q

What is the primary nursing diagnosis with use of antihypertensive drugs?

A

Ineffective peripheral tissue perfusion related to the impact of the hypertensive disease process and/or possible severe hypotensive adverse affects associated with antihypertensive drug therapy

Pharm II (8 decks)

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