Chapter 28

Question 1

a marked increase in the U.S. birthrate during 1946-1964

Answer 1

baby boom

Question 2

a list of people suspected of having Communist sympathies who were denied work as a result

Answer 2

blacklist

Question 3

the prolonged period of tension between the United States and the Soviet Union, based on
ideological conflicts and competition for military, economic, social, and technological superiority, and
marked by surveillance and espionage, political assassinations, an arms race, attempts to secure alliances
with developing nations, and proxy wars

Answer 3

Cold War

Question 4

the U.S. policy that sought to limit the expansion of Communism abroad

Answer 4

containment

Question 5

the removal of laws and policies requiring the separation of different racial or ethnic groups

Answer 5

desegregation

Question 6

the theory that if Communism made inroads in one nation, surrounding nations would also
succumb one by one, like a chain of dominos toppling one another

Answer 6

domino theory

Question 7

President Harry Truman’s program of economic and social reform

Answer 7

Fair Deal

Question 8

a program that gave substantial benefits to those who served in World War II

Answer 8

GI Bill

Question 9

a term coined by Winston Churchill to refer to portions of Eastern Europe that the Soviet
Union had incorporated into its sphere of influence and that no longer were free to manage their own
affairs

Answer 9

Iron Curtain

Question 10

suburban housing developments consisting of acres of mass-produced homes

Answer 10

Levittowns

Question 11

the nickname for the nine African American high school students who first integrated
Little Rock’s Central High School

Answer 11

Little Rock Nine

Question 12

a program giving billions of dollars of U.S. aid to European countries to prevent them from
turning to Communism

Answer 12

Marshall Plan

Question 13

a defense strategy, sometimes called “mutually assured destruction” or MAD, adopted
by Eisenhower that called for launching a large-scale nuclear attack on the Soviet Union in response to a
first Soviet strike at the United States

Answer 13

massive retaliation

Question 14

the matrix of relationships between officials in the Defense Department and
executives in the defense industry who all benefited from increases in defense spending

Answer 14

military-industrial complex

Question 15

a musical form popular among the baby boomers that encompassed styles ranging from
county to blues, and embraced themes such as youthful rebellion and love

Answer 15

rock and roll

Question 16

the first manmade orbital satellite, launched by the Soviet Union in October 1957

Answer 16

Sputnik

Question 17

the political belief that states possess authority beyond federal law, which is usually seen as
the supreme law of the land, and thus can act in opposition to federal law

Answer 17

states’ rights