Chapter 23

Question 1

the expression used by Supreme Court Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes in the case
of Schenck v. United States to characterize public dissent during wartime, akin to shouting “fire!” in a
crowded theater

Answer 1

clear and present danger

Question 2

Woodrow Wilson’s postwar peace plan, which called for openness in all matters of
diplomacy, including free trade, freedom of the seas, and an end to secret treaties and negotiations, among
others

Answer 2

Fourteen Points

Question 3

a nickname for the decorated, all-Black 369th Infantry, which served on the frontlines
of France for six months, longer than any other American unit

Answer 3

Harlem Hellfighters

Question 4

Republicans who opposed the Treaty of Versailles on all grounds

Answer 4

Irreconcilables

Question 5

Woodrow Wilson’s idea for a group of countries that would promote a new world order
and territorial integrity through open discussions, rather than intimidation and war

Answer 5

League of Nations

Question 6

the name for the war bonds that the U.S. government sold, and strongly encouraged
Americans to buy, as a way of raising money for the war effort

Answer 6

liberty bonds

Question 7

Woodrow Wilson’s policy of maintaining commercial ties with all belligerents and insisting on
open markets throughout Europe during World War I

Answer 7

neutrality

Question 8

the campaign for a ban on the sale and manufacturing of alcoholic beverages, which came to
fruition during the war, bolstered by anti-German sentiment and a call to preserve resources for the war
effort

Answer 8

prohibition

Question 9

the term used to describe the fear that Americans felt about the possibility of a Bolshevik
revolution in the United States; fear over Communist infiltrators led Americans to restrict and
discriminate against any forms of radical dissent, whether Communist or not

Answer 9

Red Scare

Question 10

the summer of 1919, when numerous northern cities experienced bloody race riots that
killed over 250 persons, including the Chicago race riot of 1919

Answer 10

Red Summer

Question 11

Republicans who would support the Treaty of Versailles if sufficient amendments were
introduced that could eliminate Article X

Answer 11

Reservationists

Question 12

the telegram sent from German foreign minister Arthur Zimmermann to the
German ambassador in Mexico, which invited Mexico to fight alongside Germany should the United States
enter World War I on the side of the Allies

Answer 12

Zimmerman telegram