Chapter 21 Flashcards
Booker T. Washington’s speech where he
urged African Americans to work hard and get along with others in their White communities, so as to earn
the goodwill of the country
Atlanta Compromise
a political reform that allowed for the nomination of candidates through a direct vote by
party members, rather than by the choice of delegates at conventions; in the South, this strengthened all White solidarity within the Democratic Part
direct primary
a proposed law placed on the ballot by public petition
initiative
investigative journalists and authors who wrote about social ills, from child labor to the
corrupt business practices of big businesses, and urged the public to take action
muckrakers
a civil rights organization formed
in 1909 by an interracial coalition including W. E. B. Du Bois and Florence Kelley
NAACP National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
Woodrow Wilson’s campaign platform for the 1912 election that called for a small federal
government to protect public interests from the evils associated with bad businesses
New Freedom
Theodore Roosevelt’s 1912 campaign platform, which called for a powerful federal
government to protect the American public
New Nationalism
a campaign led by W. E. B. Du Bois and other prominent African American reformers
that departed from Booker T. Washington’s model of accommodation and advocated for a “Declaration of
Principles” that called for immediate political, social, and economic equality for African Americans
Niagara Movement
a political party started by Roosevelt and other Republicans who were
unhappy with Taft and wanted Roosevelt to run for a nonconsecutive third term in 1912
Progressive Party
a broad movement between 1896 and 1916 led by White, middle-class professionals for
legal, scientific, managerial, and institutional solutions to the ills of urbanization, industrialization, and
corruption
Progressivism
to remove a public official from office by virtue of a petition and vote process
recall
a process that allows voters to counteract legislation by putting an existing law on the ballot for
voters to either affirm or reject
referendum
women protesters who picketed the White House for years to protest for women’s right to
vote; they went on a hunger strike after their arrest, and their force-feeding became a national scandal
Silent Sentinels
Theodore Roosevelt’s name for the kind of involved, hands-on government he felt the country
needed
Square Deal
a system named for Fredrick Winslow Taylor, aimed at improving factory efficiency rates
through the principle of standardization; Taylor’s model limited workers to repetitive tasks, reducing
human contact and opportunities to think or collaborate
Taylorism
