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physical science > chapter 27.1 and 27.2 > Flashcards

chapter 27.1 and 27.2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

is the process that involves the physical or chemical breakdown of material on earths surface

A

weathering

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2
Q

is a mixture of weathered rock, organic matter,water and air that is capable of supporting plant life

A

soil

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3
Q

is the removal of surface of surface material through the process of weathering

A

erosion

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4
Q

as rocks weathering, erosional agents like water , ice, wind, and gravity move eroded material from one place to another

A

sediment transport

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5
Q

when the erosional agent slows down or melts, it drops this sediment load in a process

A

deposition

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6
Q

the land area that gathers water for a major river

A

drainage basin

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7
Q

the movement of water parallel to the shoreline

A

longshore current

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8
Q

do rocks weather at the same rate

A

no

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9
Q

what are the two main factors that determine how fast a rock will weather

A

rock type and the landscape they are located in

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10
Q

what are the two types of weathering

A

mechanical and chemical

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11
Q

what type of change happens with mechanical weathering

A

physical changes

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12
Q

what type of change happens with chemical weathering

A

chemical changes

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13
Q

what are the 3 specific types of mechanical weathering

A

frost wedging and biological activity and collision

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14
Q

what causes frost wedging

A

water collects in the crack of a rock and then freezes

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15
Q

what is the cycle called during frost wedging

A

freeze-thaw cycle

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16
Q

what causes biological activity

A

plant and animal activity

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17
Q

what causes weathering during collisions

A

when rocks fall from a cliff or tumble through turbulent rivers

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18
Q

what is parent material

A

is where soil forms from

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19
Q

what are soil horizons

A

different layers of soil

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20
Q

how many soil horizons are there

A

6

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21
Q

true or false: all soils contain every soil horizon

A

false

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22
Q

what are the specific soil horizons

A

O,A,E,B,C,R

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23
Q

what does the first soil horizon contain

A

organic material

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24
Q

what is the second horizon mostly made up of

A

mostly material

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25
Q

which horizon collects materials from previous horizons

A

horizon B

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26
Q

which layer is partially weathered bedrock

A

horizon C

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27
Q

which layer is unweathered bedrock

A

horizon R

28
Q

which soil horizons make up the topsoil

A

horizon O and A

29
Q

which soil horizons make up the subsoil

A

E and B

30
Q

which layer does leaching occur

A

horizon E

31
Q

what are the two type of weathering

A

oxygen and water

32
Q

what are chemical changes due to oxygen

A

rust

33
Q

what are chemical changes due to water

A

hydrolysis

34
Q

which horizons make up the true soil

A

O,A,E,B

35
Q

what is the difference between weathering and erosion

A

weathering is the breakdown and erosion is the surface material

36
Q

true or false as the slope river decreases the rivers speed decreases

A

true

37
Q

what are small streams that flow into larger rivers called

A

tributaries

38
Q

what is a land area called that gathers water for a major river

A

drainage basin

39
Q

what is a distinct drainage basin

A

drainage divide

40
Q

when water flows down due to gravity water erodes earths surface

A

channels

41
Q

young rivers create what type of shape due to fast movement

A

v-shape

42
Q

what type of river is wide with smooth gentle slopes

A

mature

43
Q

when rivers flood and drop their sediment load,flood plains form along the valley sides

A

flood plains

44
Q

what are sediment deposit that form at the mouth of a river

A

deltas

45
Q

what are the branches channels called

A

distributaries

46
Q

form where the moth of a river or stream enters dry land

A

alluvial fans

47
Q

2 type of glaciers

A

valley and continental glaciers

48
Q

where do valley glaciers form

A

form in high mountain regions

49
Q

where do continental glaciers form

A

large land areas in cold climates

50
Q

where are the two continental glaciers located

A

Greenland and Antarctica

51
Q

what are cirque

A

bowl shaped basin

52
Q

what are arete

A

form where 2 adjacent valley glaciers meet and erode a long, sharp ridgeline

53
Q

what is a horn

A

sharpened peaks

54
Q

what shape of valley do valley glaciers make

A

u-shaped valley

55
Q

what is a tributary glaciers

A

small glaciers that feed into the large glaceriers

56
Q

what type of valleys do tributary make

A

hanging valleys

57
Q

on which side does erosion occur

A

windward

58
Q

which side does of the dine does deposition occur

A

leeward side

59
Q

what is deflation

A

removal of small particles by wind,leaving heavier particles behind

60
Q

what is it called when small particles are removed

A

desert pavement

61
Q

what does the shape and sizes of land forms to wind depend

A

wind speed and amount of time the wind blows sediment supply

62
Q

what are some landforms created by erosion

A

coastal cliffs, sea stacks, and sea arches

63
Q

what are 2 example of waves deposition

A

sand bars and sand spits

64
Q

what is a sand bar

A

landforms that are parallel to the shoreline

65
Q

what are sand spits

A

kinda like sandbars but shaped like a hook

66
Q

what can cause mass wasting

A

snow, heavy rains, earthquakes, or human activity, and mass wasting examples

67
Q

what are some examples of mass wasting

A

rock slides and mudflows and landslides

physical science (14 decks)

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