chapter 27.1 and 27.2

Question 1

is the process that involves the physical or chemical breakdown of material on earths surface

Answer 1

weathering

Question 2

is a mixture of weathered rock, organic matter,water and air that is capable of supporting plant life

Answer 2

soil

Question 3

is the removal of surface of surface material through the process of weathering

Answer 3

erosion

Question 4

as rocks weathering, erosional agents like water , ice, wind, and gravity move eroded material from one place to another

Answer 4

sediment transport

Question 5

when the erosional agent slows down or melts, it drops this sediment load in a process

Answer 5

deposition

Question 6

the land area that gathers water for a major river

Answer 6

drainage basin

Question 7

the movement of water parallel to the shoreline

Answer 7

longshore current

Question 8

do rocks weather at the same rate

Answer 8

no

Question 9

what are the two main factors that determine how fast a rock will weather

Answer 9

rock type and the landscape they are located in

Question 10

what are the two types of weathering

Answer 10

mechanical and chemical

Question 11

what type of change happens with mechanical weathering

Answer 11

physical changes

Question 12

what type of change happens with chemical weathering

Answer 12

chemical changes

Question 13

what are the 3 specific types of mechanical weathering

Answer 13

frost wedging and biological activity and collision

Question 14

what causes frost wedging

Answer 14

water collects in the crack of a rock and then freezes

Question 15

what is the cycle called during frost wedging

Answer 15

freeze-thaw cycle

Question 16

what causes biological activity

Answer 16

plant and animal activity

Question 17

what causes weathering during collisions

Answer 17

when rocks fall from a cliff or tumble through turbulent rivers

Question 18

what is parent material

Answer 18

is where soil forms from

Question 19

what are soil horizons

Answer 19

different layers of soil

Question 20

how many soil horizons are there

Answer 20

6

Question 21

true or false: all soils contain every soil horizon

Answer 21

false

Question 22

what are the specific soil horizons

Answer 22

O,A,E,B,C,R

Question 23

what does the first soil horizon contain

Answer 23

organic material

Question 24

what is the second horizon mostly made up of

Answer 24

mostly material

Question 25

which horizon collects materials from previous horizons

Answer 25

horizon B

Question 26

which layer is partially weathered bedrock

Answer 26

horizon C

Question 27

which layer is unweathered bedrock

Answer 27

horizon R

Question 28

which soil horizons make up the topsoil

Answer 28

horizon O and A

Question 29

which soil horizons make up the subsoil

Answer 29

E and B

Question 30

which layer does leaching occur

Answer 30

horizon E

Question 31

what are the two type of weathering

Answer 31

oxygen and water

Question 32

what are chemical changes due to oxygen

Answer 32

rust

Question 33

what are chemical changes due to water

Answer 33

hydrolysis

Question 34

which horizons make up the true soil

Answer 34

O,A,E,B

Question 35

what is the difference between weathering and erosion

Answer 35

weathering is the breakdown and erosion is the surface material

Question 36

true or false as the slope river decreases the rivers speed decreases

Answer 36

true

Question 37

what are small streams that flow into larger rivers called

Answer 37

tributaries

Question 38

what is a land area called that gathers water for a major river

Answer 38

drainage basin

Question 39

what is a distinct drainage basin

Answer 39

drainage divide

Question 40

when water flows down due to gravity water erodes earths surface

Answer 40

channels

Question 41

young rivers create what type of shape due to fast movement

Answer 41

v-shape

Question 42

what type of river is wide with smooth gentle slopes

Answer 42

mature

Question 43

when rivers flood and drop their sediment load,flood plains form along the valley sides

Answer 43

flood plains

Question 44

what are sediment deposit that form at the mouth of a river

Answer 44

deltas

Question 45

what are the branches channels called

Answer 45

distributaries

Question 46

form where the moth of a river or stream enters dry land

Answer 46

alluvial fans

Question 47

2 type of glaciers

Answer 47

valley and continental glaciers

Question 48

where do valley glaciers form

Answer 48

form in high mountain regions

Question 49

where do continental glaciers form

Answer 49

large land areas in cold climates

Question 50

where are the two continental glaciers located

Answer 50

Greenland and Antarctica

Question 51

what are cirque

Answer 51

bowl shaped basin

Question 52

what are arete

Answer 52

form where 2 adjacent valley glaciers meet and erode a long, sharp ridgeline

Question 53

what is a horn

Answer 53

sharpened peaks

Question 54

what shape of valley do valley glaciers make

Answer 54

u-shaped valley

Question 55

what is a tributary glaciers

Answer 55

small glaciers that feed into the large glaceriers

Question 56

what type of valleys do tributary make

Answer 56

hanging valleys

Question 57

on which side does erosion occur

Answer 57

windward

Question 58

which side does of the dine does deposition occur

Answer 58

leeward side

Question 59

what is deflation

Answer 59

removal of small particles by wind,leaving heavier particles behind

Question 60

what is it called when small particles are removed

Answer 60

desert pavement

Question 61

what does the shape and sizes of land forms to wind depend

Answer 61

wind speed and amount of time the wind blows sediment supply

Question 62

what are some landforms created by erosion

Answer 62

coastal cliffs, sea stacks, and sea arches

Question 63

what are 2 example of waves deposition

Answer 63

sand bars and sand spits

Question 64

what is a sand bar

Answer 64

landforms that are parallel to the shoreline

Question 65

what are sand spits

Answer 65

kinda like sandbars but shaped like a hook

Question 66

what can cause mass wasting

Answer 66

snow, heavy rains, earthquakes, or human activity, and mass wasting examples

Question 67

what are some examples of mass wasting

Answer 67

rock slides and mudflows and landslides