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physical science > chapter 26 > Flashcards

chapter 26 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

is a naturally occurring inorganic solid with a crystalline form

A

mineral

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2
Q

the color of a mineral in powdered form

A

streak

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3
Q

when a mineral breaks along preferred planes of weakness creating sets of smooth parallel sides

A

cleavage

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4
Q

minerals that break with irregular surfaces exhibit

A

fracture

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5
Q

the physical property that measures a minerals resistance to scratching

A

hardness

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6
Q

molten rock material inside earth

A

magma

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7
Q

a minerals is

A

inorganic solid,with crystalline form,naturally occurring

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8
Q

what are the two most abundant elements that make up Earth´s crust
a.oxygen and silicon

A

oxygen and silicon

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9
Q

what does inorganic mean

A

a mineral that is nonliving

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10
Q

what does the arrangement of an atom and the bonds between them reflect about a mineral?

A

mineral breaks,how hard it is, and what types of crystal shape it has.

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11
Q

what are all of the ways to identify minerals?

A

luster, streak, hardness, cleavage, atomic arrangement, crystal shape, fracture

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12
Q

what are the two types of luster?

A

metallic and nonmetallic

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13
Q

how does metallic luster reflect light?

A

reflects easily like a car

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14
Q

how does nonmetallic luster reflect light?

A

shines like glass or appear earthy or waxy

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15
Q

how do you perform a streak test?

A

glazed, white porcelain tile

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16
Q

What are the two type of breakage that can happen to minerals?

A

cleavage and fracture

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17
Q

what is the name of the scale to measure the hardness of a mineral?

A

Mohs scale of hardness

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18
Q

what is the number range on Mohs scale of hardness?

A

1-10

19
Q

How many different crystal shape systems are there?

A

6

20
Q

Mineral grow from the _____?

A

Inside out

21
Q

what are the 3 ways minerals can form?

A

hot water, magma , and evaporation

22
Q

what are the two minerals groups?

A

silicate and non silicates

23
Q

which minerals group is the most abundant in Earths crust?

A

silicates

24
Q

What element are silicates made up of?

A

silicon-oxygen

25
Q

Non silicates do not contain what element?

A

silicon

26
Q

what mineral is used to make glass?

A

quartz

27
Q

define rock

A

naturally formed mixture containing minerals,rock fragments, and volcanic glass

28
Q

how are rocks identified

A

composition and texture

29
Q

what does the texture of a rock describe about a rock

A

shape,size, and arrangement of the rocks components

30
Q

where do intrusive igneous rocks form

A

in the earths crust

31
Q

what type of molten rock does intrusive igneous rocks form from

A

magma

32
Q

what is the name of the series that illustrates simultaneous crystallization of silicate minerals

A

Bowen´s reaction series

33
Q

what are the 3 types of magma

A

mafic,intermediate,felsic

34
Q

which magma type has a low silica content

A

mafic

35
Q

which magma type has a high silica content

A

felsic

36
Q

which type of crust has an abundant amount of quartz

A

continental crust

37
Q

which type of crust of igneous rock has a coarse grained texture

A

intrusive igneous rock

38
Q

which type of igneous rock has a fine grained texture

A

extrisive

39
Q

do fine grained rocks cool slowly or quickly

A

quickly

40
Q

what are the two specific texture types for extrusive igneous rock

A

vesicular and porphyritic

41
Q

which texture is the type with holes left behind because of rapid cooling

A

vesicular

42
Q

which texture is the type with two different crystal sizes because of different cooling rates

A

porphyritic

43
Q

what type of rock has a vesicular (holey) texture

A

pumice

44
Q

which type of rust has little to no quartz

A

deep continentals, and oceanic crust

physical science (14 decks)

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