Chapter 27 Nutrition and Metabolism 2.0

Question 1

Which type of nutrients are essential in small quantities and include vitamins and minerals?

A) Macronutrients
B) Micronutrients
C) Essential nutrients
D) Non-essential nutrients

Answer 1

B) Micronutrients

Question 2

Which nutrients must be obtained from the diet and are responsible for metabolism and tissue/organ functioning?

A) Macronutrients
B) Micronutrients
C) Essential nutrients
D) Non-essential nutrients

Answer 2

C) Essential nutrients

Question 3

What do RDAs stand for in the context of nutrition?

A) Recommended Dietary Allocations
B) Required Daily Amounts
C) Recommended Daily Allowances
D) Recommended Nutrient Intakes

Answer 3

C) Recommended Daily Allowances

Question 4

Which of the following is a role of cholesterol in the body?

A) Energy production
B) Formation of cell membrane components
C) Regulation of blood sugar levels
D) Transport of oxygen in the blood

Answer 4

B) Formation of cell membrane components

Question 5

Which of the following conditions may lead to an increased requirement of dietary protein?

A) Sedentary lifestyle
B) Healthy aging
C) Pregnancy
D) Low body weight

Answer 5

C) Pregnancy

Question 6

Which of the following types of proteins contains all essential amino acids?

A) Complete proteins
B) Incomplete proteins
C) Animal proteins
D) Plant proteins

Answer 6

A) Complete proteins

Question 7

Which state is characterized by increased blood concentrations of glucose, triglycerides, and amino acids after a meal?

A) Fasting state
B) Absorptive state
C) Postprandial state
D) Metabolic state

Answer 7

B) Absorptive state

Question 8

How long does the absorptive state typically last after a meal?

A) 1 hour
B) 2 hours
C) 4 hours
D) 8 hours

Answer 8

C) 4 hours

Question 9

What hormone is released from the pancreas to maintain homeostatic blood glucose levels during the absorptive state?

A) Glucagon
B) Insulin
C) Epinephrine
D) Cortisol

Answer 9

B) Insulin

Question 10

During which state does the body rely on stored nutrients?

A) Fasting state
B) Absorptive state
C) Postprandial state
D) Metabolic state

Answer 10

A) Fasting state

Question 11

What hormone is released during the fasting state in response to decreased blood glucose levels?

A) Glucagon
B) Insulin
C) Epinephrine
D) Cortisol

Answer 11

A) Glucagon

Question 12

Which state does not involve the breakdown of structural and functional proteins to regulate blood glucose levels?

A) Fasting state
B) Absorptive state
C) Postprandial state
D) Metabolic state

Answer 12

B) Absorptive state

Question 13

What happens to cholesterol synthesis in the liver when there is a low dietary intake of cholesterol?

A) It increases
B) It decreases
C) It remains unchanged
D) It fluctuates

Answer 13

A) It increases

Question 14

What is the effect of high dietary intake of cholesterol on blood cholesterol levels?

A) It decreases blood cholesterol levels
B) It increases blood cholesterol levels
C) It has no effect on blood cholesterol levels
D) It fluctuates blood cholesterol levels

Answer 14

B) It increases blood cholesterol levels

Question 15

How does the liver adjust cholesterol synthesis when there is a high dietary intake of cholesterol?

A) It increases cholesterol synthesis
B) It decreases cholesterol synthesis
C) It maintains cholesterol synthesis at a constant level
D) It fluctuates cholesterol synthesis

Answer 15

B) It decreases cholesterol synthesis

Question 16

What is the main reason for combining lipids and proteins to form lipoproteins?

A) To increase solubility in blood
B) To decrease solubility in blood
C) To enhance lipid absorption
D) To facilitate protein synthesis

Answer 16

A) To increase solubility in blood

Question 17

Which lipoprotein category has the highest percentage of lipids?

A) Very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs)
B) Low-density lipoproteins (LDLs)
C) High-density lipoproteins (HDLs)
D) Intermediate-density lipoproteins (IDLs)

Answer 17

A) Very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs)

Question 18

What is the primary function of high-density lipoproteins (HDLs)?

A) Transport lipids from liver to peripheral tissues
B) Transport lipids from peripheral tissues to liver
C) Store excess lipids in adipose tissues
D) Metabolize dietary lipids

Answer 18

B) Transport lipids from peripheral tissues to liver

Question 19

Which organ is responsible for regulating glucose concentrations in the body?

A) Pancreas
B) Liver
C) Kidney
D) Adrenal glands

Answer 19

B) Liver

Question 20

What are the two main processes involved in protein metabolism occurring in the liver?

A) Glycolysis and gluconeogenesis
B) Deamination and transamination
C) Lipolysis and beta-oxidation
D) Glycogenesis and glycogenolysis

Answer 20

B) Deamination and transamination

Question 21

Which process in lipid metabolism involves the synthesis of triglycerides and lipid formation?

A) Lipolysis
B) Beta-oxidation
C) Lipid acquisition
D) Storage

Answer 21

D) Storage

Question 22

Which process is responsible for the formation of 2 pyruvate molecules from glucose?

A) Glycolysis
B) Gluconeogenesis
C) Beta-oxidation
D) Krebs cycle

Answer 22

A) Glycolysis

Question 23

What is the product of glucose metabolism in the absence of sufficient oxygen?

A) Pyruvate
B) Lactate
C) Acetyl CoA
D) Urea

Answer 23

B) Lactate

Question 24

Which metabolic pathway converts glycerol into glucose?

A) Glycolysis
B) Gluconeogenesis
C) Beta-oxidation
D) Krebs cycle

Answer 24

B) Gluconeogenesis

Question 25

Which process is responsible for generating ATP through the oxidation of nutrient biomolecules?

A) Glycolysis
B) Cellular respiration
C) Gluconeogenesis
D) Lipogenesis

Answer 25

B) Cellular respiration

Question 26

What is the main purpose of the metabolic pathways involved in cellular respiration?

A) Synthesis of biomolecules
B) Storage of nutrients
C) Generation of ATP
D) Elimination of waste products

Answer 26

C) Generation of ATP

Question 27

Which method of calculating basal metabolic rate (BMR) involves the direct measurement of heat released from the body?

A) Calorimeter
B) Respirometer
C) Oxygen consumption
D) Surface area calculation

Answer 27

A) Calorimeter

Question 28

What does total metabolic rate (TMR) include in addition to basal metabolic rate (BMR)?

A) Heat production
B) Physical exercise metabolism
C) Respiratory rate
D) Surface area calculation

Answer 28

B) Physical exercise metabolism

Question 29

What is the main goal in regulating core body temperature?

A) Maintaining temperature in peripheral areas
B) Minimizing temperature variations in vital body parts
C) Allowing temperature variations in peripheral areas
D) Balancing heat production and heat loss

Answer 29

B) Minimizing temperature variations in vital body parts

Question 30

How is core body temperature regulated in relation to peripheral areas?

A) By maintaining constant temperature in peripheral areas
B) By allowing temperature variations in peripheral areas
C) By increasing blood flow to peripheral areas
D) By reducing blood flow to peripheral areas

Answer 30

B) By allowing temperature variations in peripheral areas

Question 31

Which part of the brain is responsible for controlling body temperature?

A) Cerebellum
B) Hypothalamus
C) Frontal lobe
D) Occipital lobe

Answer 31

B) Hypothalamus

Question 32

What response is initiated by the hypothalamus to cool down the body during an increase in metabolic rate?

A) Sweating and vasodilation
B) Shivering and vasoconstriction
C) Decreased heart rate
D) Constriction of sweat glands

Answer 32

A) Sweating and vasodilation

Question 33

Which hormone is released by the hypothalamus to regulate body temperature?

A) Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
B) Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
C) Growth hormone (GH)
D) Insulin

Answer 33

B) Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)