Chapter 27 & 28 - Reproductive System Flashcards
What are the male and female primary sex organs?
Ovaries and Testes
Male sex organs primarily produce ______, while female sex organs primarily produce __________.
Testosterone; estrogen (as well as progesterone)
What are secondary sex characteristics in males? What hormone causes these characteristics?
- Deep set eyes (prominent skeletal orbit)
- Enlarged larynx
- Increased Muscle Mass
Testosterone
Why are the testes positioned outside the body in the scrotum?
Sperm cells require temperatures lower than normal body temperatures to survive
Through what channel do descending testes pass?
inguinal canal
What cord assists in the descent of the testes?
gubernaculum
Sperm cells mature in the ______________.
seminiferous tubules
_________ supports, nourishes, and regulates spermatogonia because they have no cytoplasm
Sertoli cells
__________ cells secrete testosterone
Interstitial
The epididymis is a….
tube located at the back of the testicles that stores and carries sperm.
The _________ is the tube that carries sperm from the testicle to the urethra.
Vas (ductus) deferens
What does the prostate gland do?
Secretes fluids to help carry sperm in semen.
- Secretes citric acid
- Secretes prostaglandins
- Secretes clotting/anticoagulant factors
What do the seminal vesicles do?
Secretes fluids to help carry sperm in semen.
- Secretes fructose
- Secretes prostaglandins
In a male, the ______ is a narrow tube that carries urine and semen from the bladder and ejaculatory ducts to the exterior of the body
urethra
What matures in an ovarian follicle?
Oocyte (egg cell)
What hormone is produced by a maturing ovarian follicle?
Estrogen
What happens during ovulation?
an oocyte matures and is ovulated into fallopian tube from ovary
After ovulation, what do we call the “spent” / empty follicles?
Corpus luteum
What hormone is produced by the “spent follicle”?
Progesterone is produced by the corpus luteum
What hormone induced the follicles to mature?
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
What hormone stimulates ovulation?
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
What is the inner lining of the uterus called?
Endometrium
What are the two layers of the endometrium?
- Stratum basalis
2. Stratum functionalis
What does the endometrium do on days 1-14 and 14-28?
Days 1-14: Estrogen builds up endometrial uterine lining
Days 14-28: Progesterone causes buildup of glycogen
What hormone prevents the endometrium from being lost?
Progesterone
Where in the female reproductive tract does fertilization occur?
Fallopian tubes (uterine tubes or oviduct)
What are the 4 parts of the sperm cell? What job does each part perform?
- Acrosome: secretes enzymes used to dissolve path to penetrate egg
- Nucleus: genetic code
- Mitochondria: produces ATP for sperm motility
- Flagella: tail
What do prostaglandins do in semen?
stimulate peristaltic contractions in female reproductive tract (causes cervix to “dip” into semen)
What do clotting/anticoagulant factors do in semen?
unclot blood after ~15-30 mins. (allows semen to clot for limited amount of time so that semen is held in the vaginal canal – cervix has opportunity to “dip” into semen)
What three structures in the scrotum function to control the temperature of the testes?
- Pampiniform plexus: small veins that radiate heat (capillaries cool blood before going to testes)
- Cremaster muscle: pulls scrotum upwards
- Dartos muscle: causes scrotum to shrink (when cold) and relax (when warm)
