Chapter 27 & 28 - Reproductive System

Question 1

What are the male and female primary sex organs?

Answer 1

Ovaries and Testes

Question 2

Male sex organs primarily produce ______, while female sex organs primarily produce __________.

Answer 2

Testosterone; estrogen (as well as progesterone)

Question 3

What are secondary sex characteristics in males? What hormone causes these characteristics?

Answer 3

1. Deep set eyes (prominent skeletal orbit)
2. Enlarged larynx
3. Increased Muscle Mass

Testosterone

Question 4

Why are the testes positioned outside the body in the scrotum?

Answer 4

Sperm cells require temperatures lower than normal body temperatures to survive

Question 5

Through what channel do descending testes pass?

Answer 5

inguinal canal

Question 6

What cord assists in the descent of the testes?

Answer 6

gubernaculum

Question 7

Sperm cells mature in the ______________.

Answer 7

seminiferous tubules

Question 8

_________ supports, nourishes, and regulates spermatogonia because they have no cytoplasm

Answer 8

Sertoli cells

Question 9

__________ cells secrete testosterone

Answer 9

Interstitial

Question 10

The epididymis is a….

Answer 10

tube located at the back of the testicles that stores and carries sperm.

Question 11

The _________ is the tube that carries sperm from the testicle to the urethra.

Answer 11

Vas (ductus) deferens

Question 12

What does the prostate gland do?

Answer 12

Secretes fluids to help carry sperm in semen.

1. Secretes citric acid
2. Secretes prostaglandins
3. Secretes clotting/anticoagulant factors

Question 13

What do the seminal vesicles do?

Answer 13

Secretes fluids to help carry sperm in semen.

1. Secretes fructose
2. Secretes prostaglandins

Question 14

In a male, the ______ is a narrow tube that carries urine and semen from the bladder and ejaculatory ducts to the exterior of the body

Answer 14

urethra

Question 15

What matures in an ovarian follicle?

Answer 15

Oocyte (egg cell)

Question 16

What hormone is produced by a maturing ovarian follicle?

Answer 16

Estrogen

Question 17

What happens during ovulation?

Answer 17

an oocyte matures and is ovulated into fallopian tube from ovary

Question 18

After ovulation, what do we call the “spent” / empty follicles?

Answer 18

Corpus luteum

Question 19

What hormone is produced by the “spent follicle”?

Answer 19

Progesterone is produced by the corpus luteum

Question 20

What hormone induced the follicles to mature?

Answer 20

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Question 21

What hormone stimulates ovulation?

Answer 21

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 22

What is the inner lining of the uterus called?

Answer 22

Endometrium

Question 23

What are the two layers of the endometrium?

Answer 23

1. Stratum basalis

2. Stratum functionalis

Question 24

What does the endometrium do on days 1-14 and 14-28?

Answer 24

Days 1-14: Estrogen builds up endometrial uterine lining

Days 14-28: Progesterone causes buildup of glycogen

Question 25

What hormone prevents the endometrium from being lost?

Answer 25

Progesterone

Question 26

Where in the female reproductive tract does fertilization occur?

Answer 26

Fallopian tubes (uterine tubes or oviduct)

Question 27

What are the 4 parts of the sperm cell? What job does each part perform?

Answer 27

1. Acrosome: secretes enzymes used to dissolve path to penetrate egg
2. Nucleus: genetic code
3. Mitochondria: produces ATP for sperm motility
4. Flagella: tail

Question 28

What do prostaglandins do in semen?

Answer 28

stimulate peristaltic contractions in female reproductive tract (causes cervix to “dip” into semen)

Question 29

What do clotting/anticoagulant factors do in semen?

Answer 29

unclot blood after ~15-30 mins. (allows semen to clot for limited amount of time so that semen is held in the vaginal canal – cervix has opportunity to “dip” into semen)

Question 30

What three structures in the scrotum function to control the temperature of the testes?

Answer 30

1. Pampiniform plexus: small veins that radiate heat (capillaries cool blood before going to testes)
2. Cremaster muscle: pulls scrotum upwards
3. Dartos muscle: causes scrotum to shrink (when cold) and relax (when warm)