Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOL 1108: Principles of Biology II > Chapter 27 > Flashcards

Chapter 27 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Ediacaran Biota

A

An early group of macroscopic, soft-bodied, multicellular eukaryotes known from fossils that range in age from 635 million to 541 million years old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Filter Feeders

A

An animal that feeds by using a filtration mechanism to strain small organisms or food particles from its surroundings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Tissues

A

An integrated group of cells with a common structure, function, or both

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Choanocytes

A

A flagellated feeding cell found in sponges. Also called a collar cell, it has a collar-like ring that traps food particles around the base of its flagellum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Amoebocytes

A

An amoeba-like cell that moves by pseudopodia and is found in most animals. Depending on the species, it may digest and distribute food, dispose of wastes, form skeletal fibers, fight infections, or change into other cell types.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Gastrovascular Cavity

A

A central cavity with a single opening in the body of certain animals, including cnidarians and flatworms, that functions in both the digestion and distribution of nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cambrian Explosion

A

A relatively brief time in geologic history when many present-day phyla of animals first appeared in the fossil record. This burst of evolutionary change occurred about 535-525 million years ago and saw the emergence of the first large, hard-bodied animals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Bilaterians

A

Member of a clade of animals with bilateral symmetry and three germ layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Body Plan

A

In multicellular eukaryotes, a set of morphological and developmental traits that are integrated into a functional whole–the living organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Radial Symmetry

A

The body parts are arranged around a single main axis that passes through the center of the animal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Bilateral Symmetry

A

The body parts are arranged around two axes of orientation, the head-tail axis and the dorsal vertical axis. Only one imaginary line divides the animal into mirror-image halves.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Ectoderm

A

The outermost of the three primary germ layers in animal embryos; gives rise to the outer covering and, in some phyla, the nervous system, inner ear, and lens of the eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Endoderm

A

The innermost of the three primary germ layers in animal embryos; lines the archenteron and gives rise to the liver, pancreas, lungs, and the lining of the digestive tract in species that have these structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Mesoderm

A

The middle primary germ layer in a triploblastic animal embryo; develops into the notochord, the lining of the coelom, muscles, skeleton, gonads, kidneys, and most of the circulatory system in species that have these structures.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Body Cavity

A

A fluid- or air-filled space located between the digestive tract and the outer body wall; also called a coelom.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Eumetazoans

A

Member of a clade of animals with true tissues. All animals except sponges and a few other groups are eumetazoans.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Invertebrates

A

An animal without a backbone. Invertebrates make up 95% of animal species.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Vertebrates

A

A chordate animal with a backbone. Vertebrates include sharks and rays, ray-finned fishes, coelacanths, lungfishes, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Foot

A

One of the three main parts of a mollusc; a muscular structure usually used for movement.

20
Q

Visceral Mass

A

One of the three main parts of a mollusc; the part containing most of the internal organs.

21
Q

Mantle

A

One of the three main parts of a mollusc; a fold of tissue that drapes over the mollusc’s visceral mass and may secrete a shell.

22
Q

Arthropods

A

A segmented, molting bilaterian animal with a hard exoskeleton and jointed appendages. Familiar examples include insects, spiders, millipedes, and crabs.

23
Q

Chordates

A

Member of the phylum Chordata, animals that at some point during their development have a notochord; a dorsal, hollow nerve cord; pharyngeal slits or clefts; and a muscular, post-anal tail

24
Q

Notochord

A

A longitudinal, flexible rod that runs along the anterior-posterior axis of a chordate in the dorsal part of the body

25
Q

Pharyngeal Slits

A

In chordate embryos, one of the slits that form from the pharyngeal clefts and communicate to the outside, later developing into gill slits in many vertebrates

26
Q

Pharyngeal Clefts

A

In chordate embryos, one of the grooves that separate a series of pouches along the sides of the pharynx and may develop into a pharyngeal slit

27
Q

Cyclostomes

A

Member of one of the two main clades of vertebrates; cyclostomes lack jaws and include lampreys and hagfishes.

28
Q

Gnathostomes

A

Member of one of the two main clades of vertebrates; gnathostomes have jaws and include sharks and rays, ray-finned fishes, coelacanths, lungfishes, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals.

29
Q

Chondrichthyans

A

Member of the class Chondrichthyes, vertebrates with skeletons made mostly of cartilage, such as sharks and rays

30
Q

Osteichthyans

A

Member of a vertebrate clade with jaws and mostly bony skeletons

31
Q

Ray-Finned Fishes

A

Member of the class Actinopterygii, aquatic osteichthyans with fins supported by long, flexible rays, including tuna, bass, and herring

32
Q

Lobe-Fins

A

Member of a clade of osteichthyans having rod-shaped muscular fins. The group includes coelacanths, lungfishes, and tetrapods.

33
Q

Tetrapods

A

Member of a vertebrate clade characterized by limbs with digits. Tetrapods include mammals, amphibians, and birds and other reptiles.

34
Q

Cuticle

A

A tough coat that covers the body of a nematode
A tough coat that covers the body of a nematode

35
Q

Amphibians

A

Member of the tetrapod class Amphibia, including salamanders, frogs, and caecilians

36
Q

Amniotes

A

Member of a clade of tetrapods named for a key derived character, the amniotic egg, which contains specialized membranes, including the fluid-filled amnion, that protect the embryo. Amniotes include mammals as well as birds and other reptiles.

37
Q

Amniotic Egg

A

An egg that contains specialized membranes that function in protection, nourishment, and gas exchange. The amniotic egg was a major evolutionary innovation, allowing embryos to develop on land in a fluid-filled sac, thus reducing the dependence of tetrapods on water for reproduction.

38
Q

Reptile

A

Member of the clade of amniotes that includes tuataras, lizards and snakes, turtles, crocodilians, and birds

39
Q

Ectothermic

A

Referring to organisms for which external sources provide most of the heat for temperature regulation

40
Q

Endothermic

A

Referring to organisms that are warmed by heat generated by their own metabolism. This heat usually maintains a relatively stable body temperature higher than that of the external environment.

41
Q

Mammals

A

Member of the class Mammalia, amniotes that have hair and mammary glands (glands that produce milk)

42
Q

Synapsids

A

Member of an amniote clade distinguished by a single hole on each side of the skull. Synapsids include the mammals.

43
Q

Monotremes

A

An egg-laying mammal, such as a platypus or echidna. Like all mammals, monotremes have hair and produce milk, but they lack nipples.

44
Q

Marsupials

A

A mammal, such as a koala, kangaroo, or opossum, whose young complete their embryonic development inside a maternal pouch

45
Q

Eutherians

A

Placental mammal; mammal whose young complete their embryonic development within the uterus, joined to the mother by the placenta

46
Q

Opposable Thumb

A

A thumb that can touch the ventral surface (fingerprint side) of the fingertip of all four fingers of the same hand with its own ventral surface

47
Q

Hominins

A

A group consisting of humans and the extinct species that are more closely related to us than to chimpanzees

BIOL 1108: Principles of Biology II (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions