Chapter 26: Seed Plants

Question 1

What are the four seed plant adaptions?

Answer 1

• sporophyte phase
• gametophyte inside a sporophyte
• true heterospory
• Seeds/pollen

Question 2

Sporophyte phase is ____. This is a shared derived trait with _____.

Answer 2

dominant, vascular seedless plants (bryophytes)

Question 3

Gametophyte reduced to microscope structure inside ____. This is a ________ in seed plants.

Answer 3

sporophytes, novel derived trait

Question 4

What are the two adaptions within the True Heterospory?

Answer 4

• megaspores: develop into female gametophyte (seed) which produces haploid egg
• microspores: develops into male gametophyte (pollen grains) which produces sperm.

Question 5

Seeds and pollen are adaptions for a ________. Reproduction is not ______.

Answer 5

water-less environment, water-dependent.

Question 6

Seed and Pollen Adaptations: _______ is only a few cells. It is microscopic, not a visible structure. ____are the egg and nutritive cells that support the embryo once fertilized.

Answer 6

Female gametophyte, cells.

Question 7

Seed and Pollen Adaptations: After the ____ is fertilized by the ______, the ______ will grow into a sporophyte when it germinates. Sporophyte is what we see when looking at any seed plant

Answer 7

egg (haploid), sperm (haploid), diploid zygote

Question 8

Seed and Pollen Adaptations: Before _____, ____ is nourished by nutritive tissue within the seed and is protected by the _____.

Answer 8

germination, embryo, hard seed coat

Question 9

Seed and Pollen Adaptations: Seeds can _________. Thus avoid competition with parent plant.

Answer 9

travel great distances by water, wind, or animals

Question 10

Seed and Pollen Adaptations: When pollen reaches female gametophyte (seed) it will grow a ______ towards the egg. It also produces ____ that will travel down the _____ to fertilize the egg.

Answer 10

pollen tube, sperm, pollen tube

Question 11

Seed Plant Phylogeny: _____ and _____ are sister taxa.

Answer 11

Gymnosperm, Angiosperms

Question 12

Seed Plant Phylogeny: Gymnosperms appeared ___ mya. Which include: ______

Answer 12

390,
- conifers
- cycads
- gingkophytes
- gnetophytes

Question 13

Angiosperms appeared ____ mya.

Answer 13

200

Question 14

• Angio sperms are _____ plants.
• ____ and ____ development occur inside plant ovary.
• They have _______ with animal pollinators.
• They have mutualistic relationships with _______.

Answer 14

• flowering
• Fertilization, embryo
• mutualistic relationships
• animals seed pollinators

Question 15

Gymnosperms are ____ which means they are sheltered by woody leaves called ______.

Answer 15

naked seeds, sporophylls.

Question 16

Gymnosperms: What are the male and female gametes called on separate cones?

Answer 16

• Monoecious “one home”: male and female cones on the same plant.
• Dioecious “two homes”: male cones on one plant, female cones on another plant

Question 17

Gymnosperms are pollinated by ______, not by animals

Answer 17

wind

Question 18

What are tracheids?

Answer 18

perforated, lignified cells that transport water/minerals. dominant xylem cell in gymnosperm.

Question 19

Gymnosperms are adapted to live _____, ____, and ____ for part of the year.

Answer 19

in cold, dry regions, and without water

Question 20

Gymnosperm Diversity: What are conifers?

Answer 20

• a dominant phylum of gymnosperms
• reduce leaf-shaped like needles
• adapted to cold, dry weather and found in high regions

Question 21

Gymnosperm Diversity: What are Cycads?

Answer 21

• dominant during prehistoric times
• mistaken for palms, sago palms, also lives in mild climate

Question 22

Gymnosperm Diversity: What are Gingkophytes?

Answer 22

• only one surviving species (gingko bilbao) fan-shaped leaf

Question 23

Gymnosperm Diversity: What are Gnetophytes?

Answer 23

• They have a unresolved phylogeny
• inhabit arid deserts around the world