Chapter 26 – Cardiovascular System and Pathologies

Question 1

Which muscle belly lies next to the carotid artery and should not be massaged?
A. Trapezius
B. Splenius capitis
C. Levator scapulae
D. Sternocleidomastoid

Answer 1

Sternocleidomastoid

Question 2

Which heart chamber pumps blood to the lungs?
A. Right atrium
B. Right ventricle
C. Left atrium
D. Left ventricle

Answer 2

Right ventricle

Question 3

Which condition is characterized by periodic episodes of vasospasms in fingers and toes?
A. Multiple sclerosis
B. Rheumatoid arthritis
C. Raynaud disease
D. Varicose veins

Answer 3

Raynaud disease

Question 4

Which condition is characterized by chest pain from a temporary reduction of blood flow to the heart?
A. Arrhythmia
B. Heartburn
C. Angina pectoris
D. Myocardial infarction

Answer 4

Angina pectoris

Question 5

Which condition is the presence of plaque within arteries?
A. Phlebitis
B. Atherosclerosis
C. Fibrosis
D. Pyelonephritis

Answer 5

Atherosclerosis

Question 6

What term means heart attack?
A. Angina pectoris
B. Hypertension
C. Arteriosclerosis
D. Myocardial infarction

Answer 6

Myocardial infarction

Question 7

Which term means inflammation of the veins?
A. Myocarditis
B. Phlebitis
C. Arthritis
D. Cystitis

Answer 7

Phlebitis

Question 8

A client with which condition needs to be screened for a deep vein thrombosis?
A. Recent surgery
B. Ankle sprain
C. Emphysema
D. Anemia

Answer 8

Recent surgery

Question 9

Which condition is a reduction in the quantity of either red blood cells or hemoglobin, which impairs the blood’s ability to carry oxygen to cells?
A. Ischemia
B. Anemia
C. Hyperemia
D. Hypoglycemia

Answer 9

Anemia

Question 10

Blood traveling through the femoral artery must first pass through which artery?
A. External iliac
B. Sciatic
C. Basilic
D. Saphenous

Answer 10

External iliac

Question 11

If a client diagnosed with thrombophlebitis in the left calf comes in for a massage, which treatment plan is appropriate?
A. Postpone the massage until the condition resolves
B. Proceed with the massage and avoid the affected area
C. Postpone the massage until all pain is gone
D. Proceed with the massage, using deep pressure over the affected area

Answer 11

Postpone the massage until the condition resolves

Question 12

Which term means high blood pressure?
A. Hypertension
B. Thrombosis
C. Arthrosclerosis
D. Phlebitis

Answer 12

Hypertension

Question 13

Which term means an increase in blood vessel diameter?
A. Vasoconstriction
B. Ischemia
C. Vasodilation
D. Hyperemia

Answer 13

Vasodilation

Question 14

Ischemia can be described as:
A. pitting edema.
B. low blood sugar.
C. reduced sensation to an area.
D. decreased local blood flow.

Answer 14

decreased local blood flow

Question 15

Which condition is an autoimmune disease of the body’s connective tissues?
A. Herpes simplex
B. Fibromyalgia
C. Systemic lupus erythematosus
D. Chronic fatigue syndrome

Answer 15

Systemic lupus erythematosus

Question 16

Which type of cell is responsible for blood clotting?
A. Thrombocyte
B. Lymphocyte
C. Erythrocyte
D. Leukocyte

Answer 16

Thrombocyte

Question 17

Which term refers to the lower chambers of the heart?
A. Ventricles
B. Sinuses
C. Trunks
D. Atria

Answer 17

Ventricles

Question 18

When applying chest compression during cardiopulmonary resuscitation, the American Heart Association recommends how many compressions per minute?
A. 50
B. 75
C. 100
D. 125

Answer 18

100

Question 19

Signs of varicose veins include:
A. overly hot or cold to the touch with without change in color.
B. indentation left in skin after pressure is applied and released.
C. thin, paperlike skin with reddish or silvery lines present.
D. affected structures appear bluish and may bulge outward.

Answer 19

affected structures appear bluish and may bulge outward.

Question 20

Which treatment plan is appropriate for a client who had a myocardial infarction and has regained full strength?
A. Obtain medical clearance and use lighter than normal pressure
B. Assess as with any other client and perform massage accordingly
C. Massage and treat the client’s chest area as a local contraindication
D. Tell the client the condition is an absolute contraindication for massage

Answer 20

Assess as with any other client and perform massage accordingly

Question 21

Which treatment modification is appropriate for a client with varicose veins?
A. Use deep pressure on the affected area to stimulate blood flow
B. Stretch the affected limb to stimulate blood flow
C. Massage proximal to the affected area first to encourage venous return
D. Alternate hot and cold packs on the affected area for two repetitions

Answer 21

Massage proximal to the affected area first to encourage venous return

Question 22

Which term means a sudden drop in blood pressure when moving from a lying down or sitting to an upright or standing position, causing a loss of balance?
A. Orthostatic hypotension
B. Supine hypotensive syndrome
C. Ischemia
D. Infarction

Answer 22

Orthostatic hypotension

Question 23

Which term refers to the superior heart chambers?
A. Veins
B. Atria
C. Ventricles
D. Aorta

Answer 23

Atria

Question 24

What is a blood clot attached to a vascular wall?
A. Embolus
B. Varicosity
C. Thrombus
D. Platelet

Answer 24

Thrombus

Question 25

What is a blood clot transported by the bloodstream?
A. Thromboembolus
B. Polyp
C. Tubercle
D. Diverticulum

Answer 25

Thromboembolus

Question 26

If a client states he has recently been diagnosed with CAD, he has damage to his:
A. bones and joints.
B. cerebral arteries.
C. coronary arteries.
D. lungs and alveoli.

Answer 26

coronary arteries.

Question 27

Hemoglobin contains which mineral?
A. Calcium
B. Sodium
C. Iron
D. Potassium

Answer 27

Iron

Question 28

Which term means the membranous layer around the heart?
A. Peritoneum
B. Perineum
C. Pericardium
D. Periosteum

Answer 28

Pericardium

Question 29

The superior vena cava delivers blood to which heart chamber?
A. Right atrium
B. Right ventricle
C. Left atrium
D. Left ventricle

Answer 29

Right atrium

Question 30

If the client becomes dizzy when getting up from the massage table, what should the massage practitioner do?
A. Offer the client a glass of water with electrolytes in it to reduce possible dehydration
B. Suggest the client lie back down, wait a moment, and try again moving more slowly and carefully
C. Use passive movements to push the feet toward the chest to increase blood pressure
D. Quickly place pillows around the table to reduce injury in case the client falls to the floor

Answer 30

Suggest the client lie back down, wait a moment, and try again moving more slowly and carefully

Question 31

A client informs the massage practitioner s/he feels dizzy and lightheaded when sitting up after from the massage. This condition is likely:
A. Orthostatic hypotension
B. Peripheral neuropathy
C. Sensory tinnitus
D. Motor dysplasia

Answer 31

Orthostatic hypotension

Question 32

A client diagnosed with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is currently taking medications to for high blood pressure. How do you proceed with massage?
A. Get medical clearance prior to the massage
B. Avoid the area as not to cause a cerebrovascular accident
C. Massage the affected area to reduce DVT signs and symptoms
D. Avoid the area as to not cause pulmonary embolism

Answer 32

Avoid the area as to not cause pulmonary embolism

Question 33

When screening for deep vein thrombosis in a high-risk client, practitioner assessment involves looking for the presence of:
A. sudden pain upon passive flexion of the knee.
B. unilateral leg swelling, heat, redness, and pain.
C. non-blanching skin over and near the affected area.
D. local rebound tenderness upon application and removal of digital pressure.

Answer 33

unilateral leg swelling, heat, redness, and pain.