Chapter 23 – Nervous System and Pathologies Flashcards
Which gland is found in the brain?
A. Adrenal
B. Pineal
C. Parathyroid
D. Thymus
Pineal
What is an involuntary, predictable response to a stimulus?
A. Action potential
B. Motor unit
C. Tract
D. Reflex
Reflex
Which receptors are activated by tension at musculotendinous junctions and inhibit muscle contraction during stretching?
A. Golgi tendon organs
B. Baroreceptors
C. Nociceptors
D. Muscle spindles
Golgi tendon organs
A muscle being inhibited by contraction of its antagonist is an example of:
A. Active assisted range of motion
B. Reciprocal inhibition
C. Hilton’s Law
D. Law of facilitation
Reciprocal inhibition
Which part of the brain regulates muscle tone, posture and balance, and coordinates complex movements?
A. Midbrain
B. Pons
C. Cerebellum
D. Diencephalon
Cerebellum
Which condition is an autoimmune disorder in which myelin sheaths in the central nervous system are progressively destroyed?
A. Alzheimer disease
B. Trigeminal neuralgia
C. Bell palsy
D. Multiple sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis
Which condition can develop after having had chickenpox?
A. Impetigo
B. Shingles
C. Eczema
D. Psoriasis
Shingles
Which age group is most likely to be affected by Alzheimer disease?
A. Infancy
B. Childhood
C. Adolescence
D. Senescence
Senescence
Which response is activated during stress?
A. Parasympathetic nervous system
B. Sympathetic nervous system
C. Visceral reflex
D. Somatic inverse reflex
Sympathetic nervous system
Bell palsy involves which cranial nerve?
A. I
B. V
C. VII
D. X
VII
Which receptors monitor changes in muscle length and respond by reflexive contraction during stretching?
A. Golgi tendon organs
B. Muscle spindles
C. Pacinian corpuscles
D. Ruffini corpuscles
Muscle spindles
Which nerve is involved in carpal tunnel syndrome?
A. Trigeminal
B. Ulnar
C. Median
D. Phrenic
Median
Which part of the brain connects to the spinal cord?
A. Cerebellum
B. Brainstem
C. Cerebrum
D. Diencephalon
Brainstem
Blood pressure generally decreases during massage because:
A. the heart pumps less blood.
B. vasoconstriction occurs in vessels.
C. venous flow is impeded.
D. the parasympathetic system is activated.
the parasympathetic system is activated.
Which condition is an example of a repetitive stress injury?
A. Carpal tunnel syndrome
B. Chronic fatigue syndrome
C. Torticollis
D. Whiplash
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Relaxing massage activates which division of the nervous system?
A. Sympathetic
B. Parasympathetic
C. Somatic
D. Efferent
Parasympathetic
Which nerve bundle passes between the anterior and middle scalene muscles as it moves toward the axilla?
A. Cervical plexus
B. Solar plexus
C. Lumbosacral plexus
D. Brachial plexus
Brachial plexus
Which consequence is a long-term effect of stress?
A. Increased vitality
B. Decreased immunity
C. Decreased blood pressure
D. Increased hemoglobin
Decreased immunity
The majority of seizures are which type?
A. Generalized
B. Partial
C. Tonic-clonic
D. Absence
Partial
In the acronym F-A-S-T-E-R to learn stroke signs and symptoms, what does “S” stand for?
A. Speed
B. Supine
C. Stability
D. Seizure
Stability
Which signs and symptoms indicated client anxiety?
A. Shallow breathing and rapid heart rate
B. Incoherent speech and staggered gait
C. Full deep breathing and rapid heart rate
D. Muscle twitching and pupil dilation
Shallow breathing and rapid heart rate
If a client with a seizure disorder appears to have a seizure during a massage, what is the most appropriate course of action?
A. Call 911; while waiting for help to arrive, begin cardiopulmonary resuscitation if qualified to do so
B. Roll the client on his or her side and put something in the oral cavity to prevent swallowing of the tongue
C. Time the length of the shaking phase; call 911 if the seizure lasts longer than 5 minutes or immediately repeats
D. Grasp the client’s shoulders and shake vigorously to bring him back to normal awareness; if this does not work, call 911
Time the length of the shaking phase; call 911 if the seizure lasts longer than 5 minutes or immediately repeats
Which approach is part of a treatment plan for a client with multiple sclerosis?
A. Schedule appointments during the initial phase of exacerbations
B. Use neuromuscular techniques to increase nerve transmission
C. Assess the appropriateness of massage each visit as symptoms change
D. It is an absolute contraindication in all phases
Assess the appropriateness of massage each visit as symptoms change
Which nerve innervates almost all of the flexors of the wrist?
A. Median
B. Musculocutaneous
C. Radial
D. Ulnar
Median
Which function does myelin perform?
A. Cushions the spinal cord
B. Reduces spinal reflexes
C. Increases speed of nerve impulses
D. Aids in muscle tissue regeneration
Increases speed of nerve impulses
The parasympathetic nervous system causes:
A. increased respiration rate.
B. decreased excretory processes.
C. increased heart rate.
D. decreased heart rate.
decreased heart rate.
The peripheral nervous system contains how many pairs of spinal nerves?
A. 34
B. 12
C. 31
D. 24
31
The peripheral nervous system contains how many pairs of cranial nerves?
A. 34
B. 12
C. 31
D. 24
12
The space between two neurons, a neuron and a muscle cell, or a neuron and a gland is called the:
A. synaptic cleft.
B. node of Ranvier.
C. action potential.
D. neurotransmitter junction.
synaptic cleft.
Which syndrome is defined as compression at two or more locations along a peripheral nerve?
A. Thoracic outlet
B. Peripheral neuropathy
C. Double crush
D. Carpal tunnel
Double crush
Which term refers to nerve impulse transmission along myelinated axons?
A. Saltatory conduction
B. Continuous conduction
C. Neurotransmitter release
D. Neurotransmitter reuptake
Saltatory conduction
Which term is used to describe motor neurons?
A. Saltatory conduction
B. Continuous conduction
C. Neurotransmitter release
D. Neurotransmitter reuptake
Efferent
Which example is a mechanoreceptor?
A. Nociceptor
B. Olfactory nerve
C. Free nerve ending
D. Muscle spindle
Muscle spindle
Which type of receptor detects actual or potential tissue damage?
A. Nociceptor
B. Osmoreceptors
C. Proprioceptor
D. Photoreceptor
Nociceptor
Which term means an area of skin supplied by a single sensory spinal nerve?
A. Myotome
B. Plexus
C. Dermatome
D. Ganglion
Dermatome
Pain originating in the lower back or hip and travels down to one side of the posterior thigh and leg is the hallmark symptom of which condition?
A. Gallstones
B. Appendicitis
C. Sciatica
D. Gout
Sciatica
Which term means an abnormal sensation?
A. Paresthesia
B. Remission
C. Pallor
D. Turgor
Paresthesia
A person with which condition might experience facial pain from the face rest while lying prone?
A. Spina bifida
B. Parkinson disease
C. Rheumatoid arthritis
D. Trigeminal neuralgia
Trigeminal neuralgia
Which layers represent the meninges from superficial to deep?
A. Dura mater - arachnoid - pia mater
B. Pia mater - arachnoid - dura mater
C. Dura mater - pia mater - arachnoid
D. Pia mater - dura mater - arachnoid
Dura mater - arachnoid - pia mater
Which condition is caused by compression of nerves in the brachial plexus?
A. Carpal tunnel syndrome
B. Bell palsy
C. Thoracic outlet syndrome
D. Trigeminal neuralgia
Thoracic outlet syndrome
Which part of the ear is involved with spatial orientation and balance?
A. Cochlea
B. Eustachian tubes
C. Semicircular canals
D. Tympanic membrane
Semicircular canals
Which part of the brain controls heart and respiration rates?
A. Thalamus
B. Cerebullum
C. Hippocampus
D. Medulla oblongata
Medulla oblongata
Which region of the body is affected if a client has trigeminal neuralgia?
A. Upper back
B. Lower back
C. Groin area
D. Facial area
Facial area
When working on a client diagnosed with carpal tunnel syndrome, the practitioner should focus treatment of the:
A. Finger extensors
B. Finger flexors
C. Dorsal ligaments
D. Plantar aponeurosis
Finger flexors
