Chapter 14 – Clinical Massage: Pain, Trigger Points, Fascia, Orthopedic Assessments, and Applications Methods

Question 1

Trigger points produce sensations in areas of the body other than their sites of origin
in a phenomenon called:
A. referred pain.
B. gate control theory.
C. ischemic compression.
D. local twitch response.

Answer 1

referred pain.

Question 2

Which type of pain lasts less than 30 days and is usually related to specific injuries or disease processes?
A. Acute
B. Local
C. Chronic
D. Systemic

Answer 2

Acute

Question 3

What is the definition of trigger point?
A. Area of numbness brought on by neuropathy
B. Gap between two nerves where information is transmitted
C. Junction between a muscle and a tendon that is hypermobile
D. Localized palpable taut band within a skeletal muscle

Answer 3

Localized palpable taut band within a skeletal muscle

Question 4

Which statement describes gait?
A. Neurological theory about how massage decreases pain
B. Manner in which a person walks or runs
C. Muscle responsible for causing a specific or desired action
D. Position of the body over a base of support

Answer 4

Manner in which a person walks or runs

Question 5

Which theory states that pain is a response or output determined by how the brain interprets incoming information or input?
A. Biopsychosocial
B. Neuromatrix
C. Sliding filament
D. All or none

Answer 5

Neuromatrix

Question 6

Which term means the brain’s ability to change, remodel, and reorganize itself to improve adaptability?
A. Neuroplasticity
B. Meta-analysis
C. Neurofeedback
D. Metacognition

Answer 6

Neuroplasticity

Question 7

When fascial layers become restricted, the most effective approach is to:
A. perform manual lymphatic drainage.
B. perform superficial effleurage.
C. perform myofascial release.
D. perform percussion.

Answer 7

perform myofascial release.

Question 8

Which technique is effective in reducing tenderness in myofascial trigger points?
A. Effleurage
B. Transverse friction
C. Pétrissage
D. Cupping tapotement

Answer 8

Transverse friction

Question 9

What does maximum medical improvement mean?
A. The client’s treatment has just started working
B. The client’s condition is unlikely to improve
C. The standard the client wishes to reach
D. The standard the physician wishes the client would reach

Answer 9

The client’s condition is unlikely to improve

Question 10

Which term is given to persistent pain, which outlasts typical healing time of involved tissues?
A. Acute
B. Chronic
C. Perceptual
D. Centralized

Answer 10

Chronic

Question 11

The gate control theory is used to explain which massage effect?
A. Reducing edema
B. Decreasing pain
C. Increasing blood flow
D. Decreasing stress

Answer 11

Decreasing pain

Question 12

Which term means conscious or unconscious movements used to correct imbalances to increase comfort?
A. Postural analysis
B. Gait
C. Dermatomes
D. Compensatory patterns

Answer 12

Compensatory patterns

Question 13

Which muscle is considered phasic rather than postural?
A. Gastrocnemius
B. Rectus femoris
C. Supraspinatus
D. Quadratus lumborum

Answer 13

Supraspinatus

Question 14

When pressure is applied to a sore spot, the client indicates feeling pain in a different area of the body. This is characteristic of a:
A. trigger point.
B. reflex arc.
C. muscle spasm.
D. tender point.

Answer 14

trigger point.

Question 15

Why is pre-event sports massage performed without lubricant?
A. trigger point.
B. reflex arc.
C. muscle spasm.
D. tender point.

Answer 15

Blocks sweat glands and may cause body to overheat during activity

Question 16

Before receiving massage between or after sports events, the athlete should:
A. perform weight training exercises.
B. stretch and mobilize joints.
C. warm up thoroughly.
D. cool down thoroughly.

Answer 16

cool down thoroughly.

Question 17

The full can VERSUSempty can tests may identify dysfunction in which muscle?
A. Infraspinatus
B. Deltoid
C. Supraspinatus
D. Coracobrachialis

Answer 17

Supraspinatus

Question 18

Which term means a brisk contraction elicited by snapping palpation of a trigger point?
A. All-or-none response
B. Referred pain phenomenon
C. Delayed-onset muscle soreness
D. Local twitch response

Answer 18

Local twitch response

Question 19

Which physical orthopedic test measures shoulder mobility?
A. Spurling
B. Thompson
C. Apley scratch
D. FABER test

Answer 19

Apley scratch

Question 20

Which method uses the concept of “position of ease”?
A. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation
B. Muscle energy techniques
C. Manual lymphatic drainage
D. Strain-counterstrain

Answer 20

Strain-counterstrain

Question 21

During gait assessment, the client’s left foot drags the floor during the swing phase. The muscle most likely involved is:
A. rectus femoris.
B. biceps femoris.
C. gastrocnemius.
D. tibialis anterior.

Answer 21

tibialis anterior.

Question 22

Fascia’s proprioceptive function is due to its interfacing with which system?
A. Endocrine
B. Integumentary
C. Nervous
D. Cardiovascular

Answer 22

Nervous

Question 23

In the acronym PRICE, what does “C” stand for?
A. Endocrine
B. Integumentary
C. Nervous
D. Cardiovascular

Answer 23

Compression

Question 24

Which condition does Phalen’s test identify?
A. Parkinson disease
B. Tennis elbow
C. Carpal tunnel syndrome
D. Myasthenia gravis

Answer 24

Carpal tunnel syndrome

Question 25

Which approach is used in muscle energy techniques?
A. Digital pressure on tsubos located along energy pathways
B. Alternating rhythmic pressures applied parallel to the body
C. Applied pressure on reflex points in the foot
D. Contraction against a counterforce

Answer 25

Contraction against a counterforce

Question 26

Which approach is a variation of muscle energy techniques?
A. Reciprocal inhibition
B. Trigger point therapy
C. Positional release therapy
D. Strain-counterstrain

Answer 26

Reciprocal inhibition

Question 27

The term for a trigger point unnoticed by a client until pressure is applied is:
A. latent.
B. chronic.
C. acute.
D. active.

Answer 27

latent

Question 28

Which of the following goals merit inclusion of reciprocal inhibition into the treatment plan?
A. Decreased inflammation and swelling
B. Reduced pain and increased flexibility
C. Reduced blood pressure and heart rate
D. Decreased depression and anxiety

Answer 28

Reduced pain and increased flexibility

Question 29

Concentric contraction of iliopsoas and rectus femoris occurs during which part of the gait cycle?
A. Heel contact phase
B. Stance phase
C. Swing phase
D. Toe off phase

Answer 29

Swing phase

Question 30

Which method utilizes techniques of passive stretching, isometric contraction against resistance?
A. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation
B. Manual lymphatic drainage
C. Myofascial release
D. Therapeutic touch

Answer 30

Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation

Question 31

Which of the following planes would a practitioner observe an elevated right iliac crest?
A. Transverse
B. Coronal
C. Midsagittal
D. Frontal

Answer 31

Transverse

Question 32

Which of the following techniques involve contracting the antagonist against resistance to facilitate increased lengthen of the targeted muscle?
A. Reciprocal inhibition
B. Trigger point therapy
C. Positional release therapy
D. Strain-counterstrain

Answer 32

Reciprocal inhibition

Question 33

Contract-relax techniques are best described as a type of:
A. Positional release therapy
B. Manual lymphatic drainage
C. Instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization
D. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation

Answer 33

Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation

Question 34

Which massage approach is generally the most effective for a client who is in hospice?
A. Lighter pressure and fast speed
B. Deeper pressure and fast speed
C. Lighter pressure and slow speed
D. Deeper pressure and slow speed

Answer 34

Lighter pressure and slow speed