Chapter 26 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the two most abundant elements that make up earths crust

A

oxygen and silicon

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2
Q

what does inorganic mean

A

that minerals are materials that are not living

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3
Q

what does the arrangement of an atom and the bonds between them reflect about a mineral

A

the way it breaks, how hard it is, and its crystalline shape

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4
Q

what are all the ways to identify minerals

A

luster, streak, atomic arrangement, cleavage, fracture, hardness, crystalline shape

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5
Q

what are the two types of luster

A

metallic and non metallic

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6
Q

how does metallic luster reflect light

A

very easily like a metal surface

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7
Q

how does nonmetallic luster reflect light

A

not very easily, earthy dull look to it

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8
Q

how do you perform a streak test

A

rubbing a mineral on an glazed porcelain tile

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9
Q

what are the two types of breakage that can happen to minerals

A

cleavage and fracture

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10
Q

what is the name of the scale to measure a minerals hardness

A

Mohs scale of hardness

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11
Q

what is the number range on the Mohs scale of hardness

A

1-10

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12
Q

how many different crystal shape systems are there

A

6

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13
Q

minerals grow from the ______

A

from the inside out

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14
Q

what are the three ways minerals can form

A

hot water, evaporation, and molten rock

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15
Q

what are the two mineral groups

A

Silicates and non silicates

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16
Q

which mineral group is the most abundant in earths crust

A

silicate minerals are most abundant

17
Q

what elements are silicates made up of

A

silica and oxygen

18
Q

non silicates do not contain what element

19
Q

what mineral is used to make glass

20
Q

A mineral is ______, ______, ______

A

naturally occurring, inorganic, and a crystalline form

21
Q

define rock

A

naturally formed mixture containing minerals, rock fragments, and volcanic glass

22
Q

how are rocks identified

A

composition and texture

23
Q

what does the texture of a rock describe about a rock

A

size, shape, and arrangement of rock components

24
Q

where do intrusive igneous rocks form

A

within the crust

25
What type of molten rock does intrusive igneous rocks form from
magma
26
what is the name of the series that illustrates simultaneous crystallization of silicate minerals
Bowen's reaction series
27
what are the 3 types of magma
mafic, intermediate, and felsic
28
which magma type has a low silica content
mafic
29
which magma type has a high silica content
felsic
30
which type of crust has an abundant amount of quartz | oceanic or continental
continental
31
which type of crust has little to no quartz | continental or oceanic
oceanic and deep continental
32
which type of igneous rock has a coarse grained texture
intrusive rock
33
which type of igneous rock has fine grained texture
extrusive igneous
34
do fine grained rocks cool slowly or quickly
quickly
35
what are the two specific texture types for extrusive igneous rock
vesicular and porphyritic
36
which texture is the type with holes left behind because of rapid cooling
vesicular
37
which texture is the type with two different crystal sizes because of different cooling rates
porphyritic
38
what type of rock has a vesicular texture
pumice and scoria