Chapter 26 Flashcards
what are the two most abundant elements that make up earths crust
oxygen and silicon
what does inorganic mean
that minerals are materials that are not living
what does the arrangement of an atom and the bonds between them reflect about a mineral
the way it breaks, how hard it is, and its crystalline shape
what are all the ways to identify minerals
luster, streak, atomic arrangement, cleavage, fracture, hardness, crystalline shape
what are the two types of luster
metallic and non metallic
how does metallic luster reflect light
very easily like a metal surface
how does nonmetallic luster reflect light
not very easily, earthy dull look to it
how do you perform a streak test
rubbing a mineral on an glazed porcelain tile
what are the two types of breakage that can happen to minerals
cleavage and fracture
what is the name of the scale to measure a minerals hardness
Mohs scale of hardness
what is the number range on the Mohs scale of hardness
1-10
how many different crystal shape systems are there
6
minerals grow from the ______
from the inside out
what are the three ways minerals can form
hot water, evaporation, and molten rock
what are the two mineral groups
Silicates and non silicates
which mineral group is the most abundant in earths crust
silicate minerals are most abundant
what elements are silicates made up of
silica and oxygen
non silicates do not contain what element
silicon
what mineral is used to make glass
quartz
A mineral is ______, ______, ______
naturally occurring, inorganic, and a crystalline form
define rock
naturally formed mixture containing minerals, rock fragments, and volcanic glass
how are rocks identified
composition and texture
what does the texture of a rock describe about a rock
size, shape, and arrangement of rock components
where do intrusive igneous rocks form
within the crust
What type of molten rock does intrusive igneous rocks form from
magma
what is the name of the series that illustrates simultaneous crystallization of silicate minerals
Bowen’s reaction series
what are the 3 types of magma
mafic, intermediate, and felsic
which magma type has a low silica content
mafic
which magma type has a high silica content
felsic
which type of crust has an abundant amount of quartz
oceanic or continental
continental
which type of crust has little to no quartz
continental or oceanic
oceanic and deep continental
which type of igneous rock has a coarse grained texture
intrusive rock
which type of igneous rock has fine grained texture
extrusive igneous
do fine grained rocks cool slowly or quickly
quickly
what are the two specific texture types for extrusive igneous rock
vesicular and porphyritic
which texture is the type with holes left behind because of rapid cooling
vesicular
which texture is the type with two different crystal sizes because of different cooling rates
porphyritic
what type of rock has a vesicular texture
pumice and scoria
