CH 27 Flashcards
Weathering
physical or chemical breakdown of materials on earths surface
Soil
mixture of weathered rock, organic matter, water, and air that is capable of supporting plant life
erosion
removal of surface material by process of weathering
Sediment Transport
agents (such as water, ice, wind, etc) move eroded material from one place to another
deposition
when agents slow and and leave behind eroded materials
drainage basin
Area that gathers water for large rivers
long-shore current
movement of water parallel to the shoreline
what is weathering
physical or chemical breakdown of solids on earths surface
do rocks weather at the same time
different rates, location makes a difference
what are the two main factors that determine how fast a rock will weather
rock type and landscape
what are the two types of weathering
mechanical and chemical
what are 3 specific types of mechanical weathering
frost wedging, biological activity, and collisions
what type of change happens with chemical weathering
chemical changes
what causes frost wedging
water seeps into rocks freezing, expanding, and breaking the rock
what is the cycle called during frost wedging
freeze thaw cycles
what causes biological activity
plants root and grow, animals burrow
what causes weathering during collisions
rockslides
what is parent material
soil forms from parent material
what are soil horizons
different layers of soil
true or false. all soil contains every soil horizon
false
how many soil horizons are there
6 soils
what are the specific soil horizons
o, a, e, b, c, r
what does the first soil horizon contain
organic material
what is the second horizon mostly made of
minerals
which layer does leaching occur
E
which horizon collects materials from previous horizons
B
which layer is partially weathered bedrock
C
which layer is unweathered bedrock
R
which soil horizons make up the top soil
O and A
which soil horizon make up the subsoil
E and B
what type of changes happen with mechanical weathering
physical changes
which horizons make up the true soil
O, A, E, and B
if slope of a river decreases
the speed of the river speed decreases
small streams that flow into larger rivers are called
tributaries
land area that gathers water for a major is called
a drainage basin
a boundary that separates distinct drainage basins is called a
drainage divide
as water flow downhill under the influence of gravity, water erodes earths surface creating
channels
young river’s are ___ due to fast movements
v shaped
____ rivers are wide with smooth and gentle slopes
mature
A fan shaped sediment deposit
deltas
from where the mouth of a river or stream enters dry land
alluvial fan
what are the two glaciers types
continental glaciers and valley glaciers
where can glaciers form
valley glaciers form in mountains, continental glaciers for in large ice sheet areas
where are the two continental glaciers located
Greenland and Antarctica
bowl shaped basins
cirque
forms when two ajacent valley glaciers meet
arete
sharpened peaks
horn
what do tributary glaciers create
hanging valleys
what are tributary glaciers
small glaciers feed into large glaciers
what shape do valley glaciers shape
u-shape valleys
