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physical science > CH 27 > Flashcards

CH 27 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Weathering

A

physical or chemical breakdown of materials on earths surface

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2
Q

Soil

A

mixture of weathered rock, organic matter, water, and air that is capable of supporting plant life

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3
Q

erosion

A

removal of surface material by process of weathering

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4
Q

Sediment Transport

A

agents (such as water, ice, wind, etc) move eroded material from one place to another

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5
Q

deposition

A

when agents slow and and leave behind eroded materials

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6
Q

drainage basin

A

Area that gathers water for large rivers

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7
Q

long-shore current

A

movement of water parallel to the shoreline

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8
Q

what is weathering

A

physical or chemical breakdown of solids on earths surface

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9
Q

do rocks weather at the same time

A

different rates, location makes a difference

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10
Q

what are the two main factors that determine how fast a rock will weather

A

rock type and landscape

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11
Q

what are the two types of weathering

A

mechanical and chemical

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12
Q

what are 3 specific types of mechanical weathering

A

frost wedging, biological activity, and collisions

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13
Q

what type of change happens with chemical weathering

A

chemical changes

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14
Q

what causes frost wedging

A

water seeps into rocks freezing, expanding, and breaking the rock

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15
Q

what is the cycle called during frost wedging

A

freeze thaw cycles

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16
Q

what causes biological activity

A

plants root and grow, animals burrow

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17
Q

what causes weathering during collisions

A

rockslides

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18
Q

what is parent material

A

soil forms from parent material

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19
Q

what are soil horizons

A

different layers of soil

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20
Q

true or false. all soil contains every soil horizon

A

false

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21
Q

how many soil horizons are there

A

6 soils

22
Q

what are the specific soil horizons

A

o, a, e, b, c, r

23
Q

what does the first soil horizon contain

A

organic material

24
Q

what is the second horizon mostly made of

A

minerals

25
Q

which layer does leaching occur

A

E

26
Q

which horizon collects materials from previous horizons

A

B

27
Q

which layer is partially weathered bedrock

A

C

28
Q

which layer is unweathered bedrock

A

R

29
Q

which soil horizons make up the top soil

A

O and A

30
Q

which soil horizon make up the subsoil

A

E and B

31
Q

what type of changes happen with mechanical weathering

A

physical changes

32
Q

which horizons make up the true soil

A

O, A, E, and B

33
Q

if slope of a river decreases

A

the speed of the river speed decreases

34
Q

small streams that flow into larger rivers are called

A

tributaries

35
Q

land area that gathers water for a major is called

A

a drainage basin

36
Q

a boundary that separates distinct drainage basins is called a

A

drainage divide

37
Q

as water flow downhill under the influence of gravity, water erodes earths surface creating

A

channels

38
Q

young river’s are ___ due to fast movements

A

v shaped

39
Q

____ rivers are wide with smooth and gentle slopes

A

mature

40
Q

A fan shaped sediment deposit

A

deltas

41
Q

from where the mouth of a river or stream enters dry land

A

alluvial fan

42
Q

what are the two glaciers types

A

continental glaciers and valley glaciers

43
Q

where can glaciers form

A

valley glaciers form in mountains, continental glaciers for in large ice sheet areas

44
Q

where are the two continental glaciers located

A

Greenland and Antarctica

45
Q

bowl shaped basins

A

cirque

46
Q

forms when two ajacent valley glaciers meet

A

arete

47
Q

sharpened peaks

A

horn

48
Q

what do tributary glaciers create

A

hanging valleys

49
Q

what are tributary glaciers

A

small glaciers feed into large glaciers

50
Q

what shape do valley glaciers shape

A

u-shape valleys

physical science (10 decks)

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