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chapter 25 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

system of mountain ranges on the sea floor separated by valleys

A

mid ocean ridge

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2
Q

s long and narrow depression, formed in between peaks along the mid ocean ridge

A

rift valley

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3
Q

boundary where two plates collide

A

convergent plate boundary

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4
Q

denser plate goes under the lighter plate

A

subduction

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5
Q

boundary of two plates moving away

A

divergent plate boundary

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6
Q

boundary where plates slide horizontally past each other

A

transform plate boundary

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7
Q

sudden movement or vibration of the ground

A

earthquake

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8
Q

a crack in the earths crust along which a rock has moved

A

fault

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9
Q

sudden release of strain energy as rock moves across a fault

A

elastic rebound

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10
Q

the point of origin of an earthquake

A

focus

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11
Q

the point on earths surface right above the focus

A

the epicenter

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12
Q

who came up with the continental drift hypothesis

A

Alphrad Wegener

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13
Q

what was Wegener’s evidence for continental drift?

A
  1. fossils from separate continents matching 2. coast lines match 3. same rock types and ages
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14
Q

what was the name of the super continent?

A

Pangaea

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15
Q

who came with seafloor spreading hypothesis?

A

Harry Hess

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16
Q

how did Harry discover seafloor spreading?

A

Sonar

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17
Q

what did Harry’s sonar discover?

A

Mid Ocean Range

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18
Q

What are the different type’s of plate boundaries

A
  1. divergent plate boundary 2. transform plate boundary 3. convergent plate boundary
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19
Q

how do convergent boundaries move?

A

they converge

20
Q

where do subduction zone happen?

A

convergent boundary

21
Q

what two types of crust are used between plate boundaries?

A

oceanic crust and continental crust

22
Q

what land forms are created from oceanic and continental crust form?

A

mountains and volcanoes and deep sea trench

23
Q

what can form when two oceanic crust collide?

A

hot spots and deep sea trench

24
Q

what type of land forms when two continental crust collide

A

mountains

25
Q

How do divergent plate boundary’s move?

A

Apart from each other

26
Q

Examples of divergent plate boundary’s

A
  1. mid ocean ridge(oceanic crust) 2. east African rift (2 continental crust)
27
Q

How do transform plate boundary’s move?

A

They slide by each other

28
Q

what is an example of a transform plate?

A

San Andres fault (continental crust)

29
Q

what is a convection current?

A
  1. magma heats up, becomes less dense, and rises 2. magma cools, becomes more dense, and sinks
30
Q

what are thre forces to contribute to plate motion

A
  1. slab pull 2. ridge push 3. friction
31
Q

which plat boundary’s have shallow earthquakes?

A

divergent and transform plate boundary’s

32
Q

which plate boundary has deep earthquake

A

convergent plate boundary

33
Q

what are the types of stress that act upon rocks to cause stress?

A
  1. compression stress 2. tension stress 3. shear stress 4. torsion stress
34
Q

what are the 2 types of deformation?

A

elastic deformation and plastic deformation

35
Q

what happens to the rock when elastic deformation occurs

A

the rock snaps back to original shape

36
Q

what happens to the rock when plastic deformation occurs

A

after its stretched, it stays in its new form

37
Q

how many types of seismic waves are there?

A
  1. P-wave 2. S-wave 3. Surface wave
38
Q

what type of seismic wave is the fastest

A

P-wave

39
Q

what type of wave is a P-wave

A

compression wave

40
Q

what type of materials can p-waves move through

A

solids and liquids

41
Q

what type of wave is a S-wave

A

Transverse

42
Q

what type of material can S-waves move through?

A

solids only

43
Q

what waves deal more damage

A

surface waves

44
Q

what scales help measure erathquakes

A

Richter scale and mercalli

45
Q

what does a Richter scale measure

A

energy

46
Q

what does a Mercalli scale measure

A

damage done

physical science (10 decks)

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