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Physical science > Chapter 26 > Flashcards

Chapter 26 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

a naturally occurring inorganic solid with a crystalline form.

A

Mineral

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2
Q

the color of a material in powdered form is called .

A

Streak

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3
Q

a material breaks along preferred plans of weakness creating a set of smooth parallel sides, it has .

A

Cleavage

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4
Q

minerals that break with irregular surfaces exhibits .

A

Fracture

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5
Q

the physical property that measures a mineral’s resistance to scratching is called .

A

Hardness

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6
Q

molten rock material inside Earth’s surface is called .

A

Magma

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7
Q

a mineral is , , .

A

Naturally occurring, inorganic solid, with a crystalline form.

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8
Q

what are the two most abundant elements that made up earths crust?

A

silicon and oxygen

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9
Q

what dose inorganic mean?

A

made up of nonliving materials

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10
Q

what dose the arrangement of an atom and the bonds between them reflect about a mineral?

A

how they break how hard it is and Chrystal shape it has

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11
Q

what are all of the ways to identify minerals?

A

luster streak hardness cleavage crystal shape atomic arrangement and fracture

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12
Q

what are the 2 types of luster?

A

metallic

nonmetallic

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13
Q

how dose metallic luster reflect light?

A

very easily, like a metal surface

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14
Q

how dose nonmetallic luster reflect light.

A

glassy, earthy or waxy

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15
Q

how do you preform a streak test?

A

rub a mineral on a unglazed porcelain tile

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16
Q

What are the two types of breakage that can happen to minerals?

A

cleavage

fracture

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17
Q

what is the name of the scale to measure the hardness of a mineral?

A

mohs scale

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18
Q

how many different crystal shape systems are there?

A

1-10

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19
Q

minerals grow from the .

A

inside out

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20
Q

what are the three ways minerals can form?

A

6

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21
Q

what are the 3 ways minerals can form?

A

evaporation Multan rock hot water

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22
Q

what are the 2 minerals groups?

A

silicates non silicates

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23
Q

which mineral group is the most abundant in Earths crust?

A

silicates

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24
Q

What elements are Silicates made up of?

A

oxygen and silicon

25
Q

Nonsilicates do not contain what element?

A

silicon

26
Q

What mineral is used to make glass?

A

quarts

27
Q

What is a rock

A

a naturally formed mixture that can contain minerals, rock fragments, and volcanic glass bound together.

28
Q

How are rocks identified ?

A

Rocks are identified by their composition and texture

29
Q

What dose the texture of a rock describe about a rock?

A

The texture of a rock describes the size, shape, and arrangement of the rock’s components

30
Q

where do intrusive igneous rocks form?

A

Igneous rocks that form within Earth’s crust are called intrusive igneous rocks.

31
Q

what is the name of the series that illustrates simultaneous crystallization of silicates minerals?

A
32
Q

what are the 3 types of magma?

A

Late-forming

33
Q

which magma type has a low silica content?

A

Low-silica basaltic magma forms basalt (extrusive) and gabbro (intrusive).

34
Q

witch magma type has a high silica content?

A

felsic magmas

35
Q

witch magma type has a low an abundant amount of quartz

A

Felsic:

36
Q

witch type of crust has little to no quartz?

A

deep below the crust

37
Q

witch type of igneous rock has a coarse grained texture?

A

Phaneritic texture

38
Q

witch type of igneous rock has a fine grained texture

A

Extrusive igneous rocks

39
Q

Do fine grained rocks cool slowly or quickly

A

slowly

40
Q

what are the two specific texture types for extrusive igneous rock

A

fine-grained or aphanitic texture,

41
Q

which texture is the type of with holes left behind because of fast cooling.

A
42
Q

witch is the type with two two different crystal sizes because of the different cooling?

A
43
Q

What type of rock has a vascular holly texture

A
44
Q

what is casts

A

a constituent fragment of a clastic rock.

45
Q

what types of erosion are rocks on Earth’s surface exposed to ?

A

weathering

46
Q

what dose it mean if clasts are being transported

A

weathering breaks down unstable minerals deposit with mostly minerals that are stable on the surface of the earth

47
Q

what is pore space

A

porosity of a material possessing free space between the mineral grains, expressed as percentage

48
Q

what is compaction

A

the exertion of force on something so that it becomes more dense.

49
Q

what is cementation

A

the binding together of particles

50
Q

how are sedimentary rocks formed?

A

Pieces of rock are loosened by weathering, then transported to some basin or depression where sediment is trapped

51
Q

what is another name of calsts

A

sediment, detrital sediment, land-derived sediment.

52
Q

what are sedimentary rocks called that are mostly made of clasts

A

clastic sedimentary rocks

53
Q

what is the decreasing size of clasts?

A
54
Q

which clast size would be deposited first

A
55
Q

what are 4 common detrital sedimentary rocks

A

gravel (conglomerate or breccia), sand (sandstone), and mud (mudstone, siltstone, or claystone).

56
Q

how are chemical sedentary rocks formed

A
57
Q

if sedimentary rocks contain remains of living organism what are they called

A
58
Q

what are 2 common biochemical sedimentary rocks

A
59
Q

what are the 3 types pf sedimentary rocks

A

Physical science (8 decks)

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