Chapter 26 Flashcards
a naturally occurring inorganic solid with a crystalline form.
Mineral
the color of a material in powdered form is called .
Streak
a material breaks along preferred plans of weakness creating a set of smooth parallel sides, it has .
Cleavage
minerals that break with irregular surfaces exhibits .
Fracture
the physical property that measures a mineral’s resistance to scratching is called .
Hardness
molten rock material inside Earth’s surface is called .
Magma
a mineral is , , .
Naturally occurring, inorganic solid, with a crystalline form.
what are the two most abundant elements that made up earths crust?
silicon and oxygen
what dose inorganic mean?
made up of nonliving materials
what dose the arrangement of an atom and the bonds between them reflect about a mineral?
how they break how hard it is and Chrystal shape it has
what are all of the ways to identify minerals?
luster streak hardness cleavage crystal shape atomic arrangement and fracture
what are the 2 types of luster?
metallic
nonmetallic
how dose metallic luster reflect light?
very easily, like a metal surface
how dose nonmetallic luster reflect light.
glassy, earthy or waxy
how do you preform a streak test?
rub a mineral on a unglazed porcelain tile
What are the two types of breakage that can happen to minerals?
cleavage
fracture
what is the name of the scale to measure the hardness of a mineral?
mohs scale
how many different crystal shape systems are there?
1-10
minerals grow from the .
inside out
what are the three ways minerals can form?
6
what are the 3 ways minerals can form?
evaporation Multan rock hot water
what are the 2 minerals groups?
silicates non silicates
which mineral group is the most abundant in Earths crust?
silicates
What elements are Silicates made up of?
oxygen and silicon
Nonsilicates do not contain what element?
silicon
What mineral is used to make glass?
quarts
What is a rock
a naturally formed mixture that can contain minerals, rock fragments, and volcanic glass bound together.
How are rocks identified ?
Rocks are identified by their composition and texture
What dose the texture of a rock describe about a rock?
The texture of a rock describes the size, shape, and arrangement of the rock’s components
where do intrusive igneous rocks form?
Igneous rocks that form within Earth’s crust are called intrusive igneous rocks.
what is the name of the series that illustrates simultaneous crystallization of silicates minerals?
what are the 3 types of magma?
Late-forming
which magma type has a low silica content?
Low-silica basaltic magma forms basalt (extrusive) and gabbro (intrusive).
witch magma type has a high silica content?
felsic magmas
witch magma type has a low an abundant amount of quartz
Felsic:
witch type of crust has little to no quartz?
deep below the crust
witch type of igneous rock has a coarse grained texture?
Phaneritic texture
witch type of igneous rock has a fine grained texture
Extrusive igneous rocks
Do fine grained rocks cool slowly or quickly
slowly
what are the two specific texture types for extrusive igneous rock
fine-grained or aphanitic texture,
which texture is the type of with holes left behind because of fast cooling.
witch is the type with two two different crystal sizes because of the different cooling?
What type of rock has a vascular holly texture
what is casts
a constituent fragment of a clastic rock.
what types of erosion are rocks on Earth’s surface exposed to ?
weathering
what dose it mean if clasts are being transported
weathering breaks down unstable minerals deposit with mostly minerals that are stable on the surface of the earth
what is pore space
porosity of a material possessing free space between the mineral grains, expressed as percentage
what is compaction
the exertion of force on something so that it becomes more dense.
what is cementation
the binding together of particles
how are sedimentary rocks formed?
Pieces of rock are loosened by weathering, then transported to some basin or depression where sediment is trapped
what is another name of calsts
sediment, detrital sediment, land-derived sediment.
what are sedimentary rocks called that are mostly made of clasts
clastic sedimentary rocks
what is the decreasing size of clasts?
which clast size would be deposited first
what are 4 common detrital sedimentary rocks
gravel (conglomerate or breccia), sand (sandstone), and mud (mudstone, siltstone, or claystone).
how are chemical sedentary rocks formed
if sedimentary rocks contain remains of living organism what are they called
what are 2 common biochemical sedimentary rocks
what are the 3 types pf sedimentary rocks
