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Physical Science > Chapter 26 > Flashcards

Chapter 26 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

A naturally occurring inorganic solid with a crystalline form.

A

Minerals

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2
Q

The color of a mineral in it’s powdered form.

A

Streak

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3
Q

When a mineral breaks along preferred planes of weakness creating sets of smooth parallel lines.

A

Cleavage

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4
Q

When a mineral breaks unevenly.

A

Fracture

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5
Q

The physical property of a minerals resistance to breaking or scratching.

A

Hardness

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6
Q

Molten rock material inside the earth’s core.

A

Magma

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7
Q

A mineral is ______, _______, ________.

A

naturally occurring, inorganic solid, with a crystalline form

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8
Q

What are the two most abundant elements that make up Earth’s crust?

A
  1. Oxygen

2. Silicon

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9
Q

What does inorganic mean?

A

Not living

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10
Q

What does the arrangement of an atom and the bonds between them reflects about a mineral?

A

How hard it is, and what types of crystal shape it has.

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11
Q

What are all of the ways to identify minerals?

A

Luster, streak, hardness, cleavage, crystal shape, atomic arrangement, and fracture.

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12
Q

What are the two types of luster?

A

Metallic and nonmetallic

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13
Q

How does metallic luster reflect light?

A

The way that a metal surface might

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14
Q

How does nonmetallic luster reflect light?

A

Earthy or waxy

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15
Q

How do you perform a streak test?

A

Rubbing a mineral on an unglazed, white porcelain tile

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16
Q

What are the two types of breakage that can happen to minerals?

A

Cleavage and fracture

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17
Q

What is the name of the scale to measure the hardness of a mineral?

A

Mohs scale

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18
Q

What is the number range on Moh’s Scale of Hardness?

A

0-10

19
Q

How many different crystal shape systems are there?

A

7

20
Q

Minerals grow from the ______?

A

Salty water solutions on or underground

21
Q

What are the 3 ways minerals can form?

A
  1. crystallization of magma (cools inside the crust) or lava (cools
    & hardens on the surface)
  2. crystallization of materials dissolved in water.
    3) metamorphic, in which new minerals form at the expense of earlier ones owing to the effects of changing—usually increasing—temperature or pressure or both on some existing rock type
22
Q

What are the two mineral groups?

A

silicate and nonsilicate

23
Q

Which mineral group is the most abundant in the Earth’s crust?

A

Silicate Minerals

24
Q

What elements are Silicates made of?

A

Silicon and oxygen

25
Q

Nonsilicates do not contain what element?

A

Silicon or oxygen

26
Q

What mineral is used to make glass?

A

Quartz

27
Q

Define rock

A

A rock is a naturally formed mixture containing minerals, rock fragments, and
volcanic glass.

28
Q

How are rocks identified?

A
29
Q

What does the texture of a rock describe about a rock?

A
30
Q

Where do intrusive rocks form?

A
31
Q

What type of molten rock does intrusive igneous rock form from?

A
32
Q

What is the name of the series that illustrates simultaneous crystallization of silicate minerals?

A
33
Q

What are the 3 types of magma?

A
34
Q

Which magma type has a low silica content?

A
35
Q

Which type of magma has a high silica content?

A
36
Q

Which type of crust has an abundant amount of quartz? (oceanic or continental)

A
37
Q

Which type of crust has little to no quartz? (oceanic or continental)

A
38
Q

Which type of igneous rock has a course grained texture?

A
39
Q

Do fine grained rocks cool slowly or quickly?

A
40
Q

What are the two specific texture types for extrusive igneous rock?

A
41
Q

Which texture is the type with holes left behind because of rapid cooling?

A
42
Q

Which texture id the type with two different crystal sizes because of different cooling rates?

A
43
Q

What type of rock has a vesicular (holey) texture?

A

Physical Science (14 decks)

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