Chapter 26 Flashcards
A naturally occurring inorganic solid with a crystalline form.
Minerals
The color of a mineral in it’s powdered form.
Streak
When a mineral breaks along preferred planes of weakness creating sets of smooth parallel lines.
Cleavage
When a mineral breaks unevenly.
Fracture
The physical property of a minerals resistance to breaking or scratching.
Hardness
Molten rock material inside the earth’s core.
Magma
A mineral is ______, _______, ________.
naturally occurring, inorganic solid, with a crystalline form
What are the two most abundant elements that make up Earth’s crust?
- Oxygen
2. Silicon
What does inorganic mean?
Not living
What does the arrangement of an atom and the bonds between them reflects about a mineral?
How hard it is, and what types of crystal shape it has.
What are all of the ways to identify minerals?
Luster, streak, hardness, cleavage, crystal shape, atomic arrangement, and fracture.
What are the two types of luster?
Metallic and nonmetallic
How does metallic luster reflect light?
The way that a metal surface might
How does nonmetallic luster reflect light?
Earthy or waxy
How do you perform a streak test?
Rubbing a mineral on an unglazed, white porcelain tile
What are the two types of breakage that can happen to minerals?
Cleavage and fracture
What is the name of the scale to measure the hardness of a mineral?
Mohs scale
What is the number range on Moh’s Scale of Hardness?
0-10
How many different crystal shape systems are there?
7
Minerals grow from the ______?
Salty water solutions on or underground
What are the 3 ways minerals can form?
- crystallization of magma (cools inside the crust) or lava (cools
& hardens on the surface) - crystallization of materials dissolved in water.
3) metamorphic, in which new minerals form at the expense of earlier ones owing to the effects of changing—usually increasing—temperature or pressure or both on some existing rock type
What are the two mineral groups?
silicate and nonsilicate
Which mineral group is the most abundant in the Earth’s crust?
Silicate Minerals
What elements are Silicates made of?
Silicon and oxygen
Nonsilicates do not contain what element?
Silicon or oxygen
What mineral is used to make glass?
Quartz
Define rock
A rock is a naturally formed mixture containing minerals, rock fragments, and
volcanic glass.
How are rocks identified?
What does the texture of a rock describe about a rock?
Where do intrusive rocks form?
What type of molten rock does intrusive igneous rock form from?
What is the name of the series that illustrates simultaneous crystallization of silicate minerals?
What are the 3 types of magma?
Which magma type has a low silica content?
Which type of magma has a high silica content?
Which type of crust has an abundant amount of quartz? (oceanic or continental)
Which type of crust has little to no quartz? (oceanic or continental)
Which type of igneous rock has a course grained texture?
Do fine grained rocks cool slowly or quickly?
What are the two specific texture types for extrusive igneous rock?
Which texture is the type with holes left behind because of rapid cooling?
Which texture id the type with two different crystal sizes because of different cooling rates?
What type of rock has a vesicular (holey) texture?
